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Retinoic acid (simplified nomenclature for all-trans-retinoic acid) is a metabolite of vitamin A 1 (all-trans-retinol) that is required for embryonic development, male fertility, regulation of bone growth and immune function. [2] All-trans-retinoic acid is required for chordate animal development, which includes all higher animals from fish to ...
Tretinoin, also known as all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA), is a medication used for the treatment of acne and acute promyelocytic leukemia. [ 8 ] [ 9 ] [ 10 ] For acne, it is applied to the skin as a cream, gel or ointment. [ 10 ]
Retinoic acid is actively transported into the cell nucleus by CRABp2 where it regulates thousands of genes by binding directly to gene targets via retinoic acid receptors. [6] In addition to retinol, retinal and retinoic acid, there are plant-, fungi- or bacteria-sourced carotenoids which can be metabolized to retinol, and are thus vitamin A ...
Retinol, also called vitamin A1, is a fat-soluble vitamin in the vitamin A family that is found in food and used as a dietary supplement. [ 3 ] Retinol or other forms of vitamin A are needed for vision, cellular development, maintenance of skin and mucous membranes, immune function and reproductive development. [ 3 ]
First generation retinoids are produced naturally in the body and interact with their normal biological counterparts, such as retinol binding protein 4 for retinol, retinoid receptors for all-trans-retinoic acid or 9-cis-retinoic acid. [7] 13-cis retinoic acid has an unknown biological pathway but appears to act as a growth factor. [8]
Isotretinoin, also known as 13-cis-retinoic acidand sold under the brand name Accutaneamong others, is a medication used to treat skin diseases like harlequin-type ichthyosis, and lamellar ichthyosis, and severe cystic acneor moderate acne that is unresponsive to antibiotics.[6] Isotretinoin is used off-label to treat basal cell carcinomaand ...
Retinyl acetate (retinol acetate, vitamin A acetate) is a natural [dubious– discuss ] form of vitamin A which is the acetate ester of retinol. It has potential antineoplastic and chemopreventive activities. [ 2 ][ 3 ] In the United States, retinyl acetate is classified generally recognized as safe (GRAS) in the amounts used to fortify foods ...
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa). verify (what is ?) Retinyl palmitate, or vitamin A palmitate, is the ester of retinol (vitamin A) and palmitic acid, with formula C 36 H 60 O 2. It is the most abundant form of vitamin A storage in animals.