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Turner syndrome (TS), also known as 45,X, or 45,X0, is a genetic disorder in which cells have only one X chromosome or are partially missing an X chromosome (sex chromosome monosomy) leading to the complete or partial deletion of the pseudoautosomal regions (PAR1, PAR2) in the affected X chromosome. [2][6][7] Most people have two sex ...
Trisomy 21 – Down syndrome, an example of a polysomy at chromosome 21. Polysomy is a condition found in many species, including fungi, plants, insects, and mammals, in which an organism has at least one more chromosome than normal, i.e., there may be three or more copies of the chromosome rather than the expected two copies. [ 1 ]
Mosaic (genetics) Tulip flower showing mosaicism. Mosaicism or genetic mosaicism is a condition in which a multicellular organism possesses more than one genetic line as the result of genetic mutation. [1][2] This means that various genetic lines resulted from a single fertilized egg. Mosaicism is one of several possible causes of chimerism ...
Gonadal dysgenesis is classified as any congenital developmental disorder of the reproductive system characterized by a progressive loss of primordial germ cells on the developing gonads of an embryo. [ 1 ][ 2 ] One type of gonadal dysgenesis is the development of functionless, fibrous tissue, termed streak gonads, instead of reproductive ...
The fundamental autosomal number or autosomal fundamental number, FNa[36]or AN,[37]of a karyotype is the number of visible major chromosomal arms per set of autosomes(non-sex-linked chromosomes). Ploidy. [edit] Ploidyis the number of complete sets of chromosomes in a cell. Polyploidy, where there are more than two sets of homologous chromosomes ...
The existence of genes along the inactive X which are not silenced explains the defects in humans with abnormal numbers of the X chromosome, such as Turner syndrome (X0, caused by SHOX gene [43]) or Klinefelter syndrome (XXY). Theoretically, X-inactivation should eliminate the differences in gene dosage between affected individuals and ...
The XY sex-determination system is a sex-determination system present in many mammals, including humans, some insects , some snakes, some fish , and some plants (Ginkgo tree). In this system, the sex of an individual usually is determined by a pair of sex chromosomes .
Hermaphrodite. v. t. e. Sequential hermaphroditism (called dichogamy in botany) is one of the two types of hermaphroditism, the other type being simultaneous hermaphroditism. It occurs when the organism's sex changes at some point in its life. [ 1 ] A sequential hermaphrodite produces eggs (female gametes) and sperm (male gametes) at different ...