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A convulsion is a medical condition where the body muscles contract and relax rapidly and repeatedly, resulting in uncontrolled shaking. [1] Because epileptic seizures typically include convulsions, the term convulsion is often used as a synonym for seizure. [1] However, not all epileptic seizures result in convulsions, and not all convulsions ...
Status epilepticus (SE), or status seizure, is a medical condition consisting of a single seizure lasting more than 5 minutes, or 2 or more seizures within a 5-minute period without the person returning to normal between them. [3][1] Previous definitions used a 30-minute time limit. [2] The seizures can be of the tonic–clonic type, with a ...
Epilepsy is a group of non-communicable neurological disorders characterized by recurrent epileptic seizures. [ 10 ] An epileptic seizure is the clinical manifestation of an abnormal, excessive, and synchronized electrical discharge in the neurons. [ 1 ] The occurrence of two or more unprovoked seizures defines epilepsy. [ 11 ]
Breakthrough seizures are more likely with a number of triggers. [54]: 57 Often when a breakthrough seizure occurs in a person whose seizures have always been well controlled, there is a new underlying cause to the seizure. [55] Breakthrough seizures vary. Studies have shown the rates of breakthrough seizures ranging from 11 to 37%. [56]
Panayiotopoulos syndrome (named after C. P. Panayiotopoulos) is a common idiopathic childhood-related seizure disorder that occurs exclusively in otherwise normal children (idiopathic epilepsy) and manifests mainly with autonomic epileptic seizures and autonomic status epilepticus. [ 1 ] An expert consensus has defined Panayiotopoulos syndrome ...
Conversion disorder (CD), or functional neurologic symptom disorder (FNsD), is a functional disorder that causes abnormal sensory experiences and movement problems during periods of high psychological stress. Individuals with CD present with highly distressing neurological symptoms such as numbness, blindness, paralysis, or convulsions, which ...
Infantile epileptic spasms syndrome (IESS) previously known as West syndrome needs the inclusion of epileptic spasms for diagnosis. [1] Epileptic spasms (also known as infantile spasms) may also occur outside of a syndrome (that is, in the absence of hypsarrhythmia and cognitive regression) - notably in association with severe brain disorders ...
Dravet syndrome (DS), previously known as severe myoclonic epilepsy of infancy (SMEI), is an autosomal dominant genetic disorder which causes a catastrophic form of epilepsy, with prolonged seizures that are often triggered by hot temperatures or fever. [ 1 ] It is very difficult to treat with anticonvulsant medications.