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Riboswitch-controlled formation of rho-independent transcription termination hairpins leads to premature transcription termination. Riboswitch-mediated folding sequesters the ribosome-binding site, thereby inhibiting translation. The riboswitch is a ribozyme that cleaves itself in the presence of sufficient concentrations of its metabolite.
Glycine riboswitch. The bacterial glycine riboswitch is an RNA element that can bind the amino acid glycine. Glycine riboswitches usually consist of two metabolite-binding aptamer domains with similar structures in tandem. The aptamers were originally thought to cooperatively bind glycine to regulate the expression of downstream genes.
Attenuator (genetics) In genetics, attenuation is a regulatory mechanism for some bacterial operons that results in premature termination of transcription. The canonical example of attenuation used in many introductory genetics textbooks, [ 1 ] is ribosome-mediated attenuation of the trp operon. Ribosome-mediated attenuation of the trp operon ...
The TPP riboswitch, also known as the THI element and Thi-box riboswitch, is a highly conserved RNA secondary structure. It serves as a riboswitch [1][2] that binds thiamine pyrophosphate (TPP) directly and modulates gene expression through a variety of mechanisms in archaea, bacteria and eukaryotes. [3][4][5] TPP is the active form of thiamine ...
An example GAL4-UAS system, with GAL4 lines and UAS reporter lines. The GAL4-UAS system is a biochemical method used to study gene expression and function in organisms such as the fruit fly. It is based on the finding by Hitoshi Kakidani and Mark Ptashne, [1] and Nicholas Webster and Pierre Chambon [2] in 1988 that Gal4 binding to UAS sequences ...
Histone acetylation and deacetylation. The crystal structure of the nucleosome core particle consisting of H2A , H2B , H3 and H4 core histones, and DNA. The view is from the top through the superhelical axis. Histone acetylation and deacetylation are the processes by which the lysine residues within the N-terminal tail protruding from the ...
The riboswitch functions by directly sensing a physiological signal. [10] Next, a specific uncharged tRNA binds to a riboswitch element in the transcript, and a structural change occurs in the transcript that promotes expression of the downstream coding sequence. [2] [10] The specifier sequence is the first recognition sequence in the leader. [7]
Compare untranslated regions. The roles of non-coding RNAs: Ribonucleoproteins are shown in red, non-coding RNAs in blue. A non-coding RNA (ncRNA) is a functional RNA molecule that is not translated into a protein. The DNA sequence from which a functional non-coding RNA is transcribed is often called an RNA gene.