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Bowlby’s four stages of attachment development are pre-attachment stage (birth to 6 weeks), attachment-in-the-making (6 weeks to 6-8 months), clear-cut attachment (6-8 Months to 18-24 months), and formation of reciprocal relationships (18-24 months and beyond).
To help you fully understand John Bowlby’s contributions to attachment theory, this article covers: A brief biography of John Bowlby’s early life and career; How Bowlby devised attachment theory; The stages of Bowlby’s attachment theory (including those of Schaffer and Emerson)
John Bowlby, a British psychiatrist, and psychoanalyst, developed attachment theory, which focuses on the importance of a secure and trusting mother-infant bond on development and wellbeing. He identified four phases of attachment.
Bowlby’s evolutionary theory of attachment suggests that children come into the world biologically pre-programmed to form attachments with others, because this will help them to survive. Bowlby argued that a child forms many attachments, but one of these is qualitatively different.
Stages of Attachment. Influences. Attachment Styles. Attachment theory focuses on relationships and bonds (particularly long-term) between people, including those between a parent and child and between romantic partners. It is a psychological explanation for the emotional bonds and relationships between people.
Bowlby’s Attachment Theory. In essence, Bowlby’s attachment theory posits that attachment bonds are innate [1]. When a child’s immediate need for a secure attachment bond is not met, the child feels threatened and will react accordingly, such as by crying or calling out for their caregiver.
Attachment is characterized by specific behaviors in children, such as seeking proximity to the attachment figure when upset or threatened (Bowlby, 1969). Attachment theory explains how the parent-child relationship emerges and influences subsequent development.