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The interpretation of urinalysis takes into account the results of physical, chemical and microscopic examination and the person's overall condition. Urine test results should always be interpreted using the reference range provided by the laboratory that performed the test, or using information provided by the test strip/device manufacturer. [136]
A range of colors is acceptable. ... One of the most common explanations for orange urine is medication. Kim explains that pyridium is frequently prescribed for urinary tract infections (UTIs ...
The signs and symptoms of abnormal urine color are shown as follows: Unexplained urine color other than straw-yellow has continued for a long time. [1] Once observe blood in urine. [1] Clear, dark-brown urine. [1] Risk factors of clinical abnormal urine color include elderly age, strenuous exercise, and family history of related diagnosis. [2]
Reference ranges for urine tests are described below: Measurement Lower limit Upper limit ... Red blood cells (RBCs) 0 [4] [2] 2 [2] - 3 [4] per High Power Field (HPF)
The normal number of red blood cells in urine should not usually exceed 3 per high power field. [13] A urine test strip showing positive for blood can also indicate hemoglobinuria, which is not detectable using a microscope due to the lysis of red blood cells in the urinary tract (particularly in alkaline or dilute urine), or intravascular ...
Contemporary urine testing uses a range of methods to investigate the physical and biochemical properties of the urine. For instance, the results of the routine urinalysis can provide information about the functioning of the kidneys and urinary system ; suggest the presence of a urinary tract infection (UTI); and screen for possible diabetes or ...
Stomach acidity and dwell time may affect urine color intensity. [1] [2] [3] The presence of beet pigment-protecting substances, such as oxalic acid, in the meal and during intestinal passage, increase the color intensity in the urine. [1] Medications may affect stomach acidity, such as proton pump inhibitors, thereby affecting urine color. [2]
Foamy urine is considered a cardinal sign of proteinuria, but only a third of people with foamy urine have proteinuria as the underlying cause. [2] It may also be caused by bilirubin in the urine ( bilirubinuria ), [ 3 ] retrograde ejaculation , pneumaturia (air bubbles in the urine) due to a fistula , [ 4 ] or drugs such as pyridium .