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Sodium methoxide is a routinely used base in organic chemistry, applicable to the synthesis of numerous compounds ranging from pharmaceuticals to agrichemicals. [4] As a base, it is employed in dehydrohalogenations and various condensations. [5] It is also a nucleophile for the production of methyl ethers. [6]
The carbonylation of methanol with carbon monoxide to methyl formate (methyl methanoate) is catalyzed by strong bases, such as potassium methoxide. [7] [8] The main application of potassium methoxide is use as basic transesterification catalyst in biodiesel synthesis (as a 25-32% methanolic solution).
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Methanol and carbon monoxide react in the presence of a strong base, such as sodium methoxide: [1] CH 3 OH + CO → HCOOCH 3. Hydrolysis of methyl formate gives formic acid and regenerates methanol: HCOOCH 3 → HCOOH + CH 3 OH. Formic acid is used for many applications in industry. Formate esters often are fragrant or have distinctive odors.
In chemistry, an alkoxide is the conjugate base of an alcohol and therefore consists of an organic group bonded to a negatively charged oxygen atom. They are written as RO −, where R is the organyl substituent. Alkoxides are strong bases [citation needed] and, when R is not bulky, good nucleophiles and good ligands.
For deprotection (regeneration of the alcohol) Aqueous base (pH >9) [6]; Aqueous acid (pH <2), may have to be heated [7]; Anhydrous base such as sodium methoxide in methanol. Very useful when a methyl ester of a carboxylic acid is also present in the molecule, as it will not hydrolyze it like an aqueous base would.
Strong bases are leveling solvents for acids, weak bases are differentiating solvents for acids. In a leveling solvent, many acids are completely dissociated and are thus of the same strength. All acids tend to become indistinguishable in strength when dissolved in strongly basic solvents owing to the greater affinity of strong bases for protons.
A strong base is a basic chemical compound that can remove a proton (H +) from (or deprotonate) a molecule of even a very weak acid (such as water) in an acid–base reaction. Common examples of strong bases include hydroxides of alkali metals and alkaline earth metals, like NaOH and Ca(OH) 2, respectively. Due to their low solubility, some ...