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  2. Soman - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soman

    Soman is an organophosphorus nerve agent with a mechanism of action similar to tabun. Nerve agents inhibit acetylcholine esterase (AChE) by forming an adduct with the enzyme via a serine residue on that enzyme. These adducts may be decomposed hydrolytically or, for example, by the action of some oximes and thereby regenerate the enzyme.

  3. Neurotoxin - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neurotoxin

    Common examples of neurotoxins include lead, [7] ethanol (drinking alcohol), [8] glutamate, [9] nitric oxide, [10] botulinum toxin (e.g. Botox), [11] tetanus toxin, [12] and tetrodotoxin. [6] Some substances such as nitric oxide and glutamate are in fact essential for proper function of the body and only exert neurotoxic effects at excessive ...

  4. Nerve agent - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nerve_agent

    The toxicity did not escape military notice and some of the more toxic materials had been sent to Porton Down for evaluation. After the evaluation was complete, several members of this class of compounds became a new group of nerve agents, the V agents (depending on the source, the V stands for Victory, Venomous, or Viscous).

  5. Neurotoxicity - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neurotoxicity

    Neurotoxicity is a form of toxicity in which a biological, chemical, or physical agent produces an adverse effect on the structure or function of the central and/or peripheral nervous system. [1] It occurs when exposure to a substance – specifically, a neurotoxin or neurotoxicant – alters the normal activity of the nervous system in such a ...

  6. Blister agent - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blister_agent

    A blister agent (or vesicant), is a chemical compound that causes severe skin, eye and mucosal pain and irritation.They are named for their ability to cause severe chemical burns, resulting in painful water blisters on the bodies of those affected.

  7. Pharmacotoxicology - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pharmacotoxicology

    On-target toxicity is also referred to as mechanism-based toxicity. This type of adverse effect that results from pharmaceutical drug exposure is commonly due to interactions of the drug with its intended target. In this case, both the therapeutic and toxic targets are the same.

  8. Novichok - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Novichok

    Increasing the dose of galantamine from 5 to 8 mg/kg decreased the dose of atropine needed to protect experimental animals from the toxicity of soman in dosages 1.5 times the LD50 (lethal dose in half the animals studied). [38] There have been differing claims about the persistence of Novichok and binary precursors in the environment.

  9. Cholinesterase reactivator - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cholinesterase_reactivator

    In the treatment of organophosphate toxicity, cholinesterase reactivators such as Pralidoxime reactivate inhibited AChE at peripheral nicotinic receptors.Since AChE mediates effects on both nicotinic and muscarinic receptors, cholinesterase reactivators are co-administered with muscarinic antagonists, primarily atropine.