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Icon depicting the Emperor Constantine (centre), accompanied by the bishops of the First Council of Nicaea (325), holding the Niceno–Constantinopolitan Creed of 381. In the history of Christianity, the first seven ecumenical councils include the following: the First Council of Nicaea in 325, the First Council of Constantinople in 381, the Council of Ephesus in 431, the Council of Chalcedon ...
According to the Catholic Church, a Church Council is ecumenical ("world-wide") if it is "a solemn congregation of the Catholic bishops of the world at the invitation of the Pope to decide on matters of the Church with him". [1] The wider term "ecumenical council" relates to Church councils recognised by both Eastern and Western Christianity.
Conciliarism – reform movement in the 14th, 15th and 16th century Catholic Church which held that supreme authority in the Church resided with an Ecumenical council, apart from, or even against, the pope. Council of Constance (1414–1418), which succeeded in ending the Great Western Schism, proclaimed its own superiority over the Pope.
While some Eastern Orthodox accept one later council as ecumenical (which was later repudiated by the Catholic Church), the Catholic Church continues to hold general councils of the bishops in full communion with the Pope, reckoning them as ecumenical. In all, the Catholic Church recognizes twenty-one councils as ecumenical. [citation needed]
The hegemony of one form of liturgy and order within the pre-Reformation English church is eventually broken or altered among ecclesial fractions, notably Dissenters, Anglicans (Church of England) and Catholics. Pope Paul III. 1535: Michelangelo starts painting the Last Judgement in the Sistine Chapel.
The book included the deuterocanonical books and was marked by his criticisms of church abuses, anti-catholic views of the sacraments (Penance and Eucharist), the use of relics, and clerical celibacy. These views ultimately led to his excommunication by the church, and in 1428, long after his death, his remains were exhumed and burned as a heretic.
For church councils of the western church (local or ecumenical) prior to the Great Schism in 1054, see Category:Church councils by century. Subcategories This category has the following 10 subcategories, out of 10 total.
The Acts of the Apostles records, without using for it the term "council" or "synod", what has been called the Council of Jerusalem: to respond to a consultation by Paul of Tarsus, the apostles and elders of the Church in Jerusalem met to address the question of observance of biblical law in the early Christian community, which included Gentile converts. [8]