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Specific energy is energy per unit mass, which is used to describe the chemical energy content of a fuel, expressed in SI units as joule per kilogram (J/kg) or equivalent units. [1] Energy density is the amount of chemical energy per unit volume of the fuel, expressed in SI units as joule per litre (J/L) or equivalent units. [2]
In light-water reactors, 1 kg of natural uranium – following a corresponding enrichment and used for power generation– is equivalent to the energy content of nearly 10,000 kg of mineral oil or 14,000 kg of coal. [16] Comparatively, coal, gas, and petroleum are the current primary energy sources in the U.S. [17] but have a much lower energy ...
LPG has a typical specific calorific value of 46.1 MJ/kg compared with 42.5 MJ/kg for fuel oil and 43.5 MJ/kg for premium grade petrol (gasoline). [14] However, its energy density per volume unit of 26 MJ/L is lower than either that of petrol or fuel oil, as its relative density is lower (about 0.5–0.58 kg/L, compared to 0.71–0.77 kg/L for ...
In Europe, straight vegetable oil (SVO) costs 150 pence/litre at most supermarkets [11] and somewhat less when bought in bulk direct from the manufacturers whereas diesel costs at least 130 pence per litre (in the UK [12]) to well over that (depends on the year, 1.4 euro is the current market price in central Europe). [13]
Specific energy (MJ/kg) Energy density (MJ/L) Peak recovery efficiency % Practical recovery efficiency % Arbitrary Antimatter: 89,875,517,874: depends on density:
kg oil/ha/yr litres oil/ha lbs oil/acre US gal/acre Coldest hardiness zone. Warmest hardiness zone maize (corn) 147 172 129 18 3 11 cashew nut: 148 176 132 19 10 11 oats: 183 217 163 23 3 10 lupin (lupine) 195 232 175 25 4 7 kenaf: 230 273 205 29 6 10 calendula: 256 305 229 33 9 11 cotton: 273 325 244 35 8 11 hemp: 305 363 272 39 8 11 soybean ...
According to the American Petroleum Institute (API), a standard barrel of oil is the amount of oil that would occupy a volume of exactly 1 barrel (158.99 L) at reference temperature and pressure conditions of 60 °F (15.6 °C) and 14.696 psi (1,013.25 hPa) (or 1 atm). This standard barrel of oil will occupy a different volume at different ...
For the purpose of comparison of different fuels, the heating value may be expressed in terms of energy per volume, which is known as the energy density expressed in MJ/litre. The density of LNG is roughly 0.41 kg/litre to 0.5 kg/litre, depending on temperature, pressure, and composition, [3] compared to water at 1.0 kg/litre. Using the median ...