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Quaternary ammonium salts, used as surfactants, are readily formed by alkylation of tertiary amines with benzyl chloride. [3] Benzyl ethers are often derived from benzyl chloride. Benzyl chloride reacts with aqueous sodium hydroxide to give dibenzyl ether. In organic synthesis, benzyl chloride is used to introduce the benzyl protecting group in ...
The benzyl alcohol thus formed is quickly converted to the chloride under the reaction conditions. Mechanism of Blanc chloromethylation Other possibilities for the electrophile include (chloromethyl)oxonium cation (ClH 2 C–OH 2 + ) or chlorocarbenium cation (ClCH 2 + ), which may be formed in the presence of zinc chloride. [ 4 ]
In organic chemistry, the Menshutkin reaction converts a tertiary amine into a quaternary ammonium salt by reaction with an alkyl halide. Similar reactions occur when tertiary phosphines are treated with alkyl halides. Menshutkin-reaction. The reaction is the method of choice for the preparation of quaternary ammonium salts. [1]
Bn (benzyl) benzyl chloride, pyridine: acetic anhydride, 4-(dimethylamino)pyridine, and pyridine: The hydroxyl group in ketal 12 (Scheme 2) was protected as a benzyl ether, which was replaced much later in the synthesis (alcohol 42, Scheme 5) Carbonate ester (cyclic) carbonyl diimidazole, sodium hydride, dimethylformamide: phenyllithium
In the Fischer peptide synthesis (Emil Fischer, 1903), [6] an α-chloro acid chloride is condensed with the ester of an amino acid. The ester is then hydrolyzed and the acid converted to the acid chloride, enabling the extension of the peptide chain by another unit. In a final step the chloride atom is replaced by an amino group, completing the ...
Benzyl alcohol is used effectively for treating lice infestations as the active ingredient in lotion shampoo with 5% benzyl alcohol. [13] Benzyl alcohol is an ingredient used in the manufacture of soaps, topical creams, skin lotions, shampoos, and facial cleansers and is popular due to its anti-bacterial and anti-fungal properties.
As a consequence, commercial availability of lower olefin coupled with an aldehyde produced from oxidation of low boiling paraffin increased the curiosity to study the olefin-aldehyde condensation. Later on, Prins reaction emerged as a powerful C-O and C-C bond forming technique in the synthesis of various molecules in organic synthesis. [5]
In oxychlorination, hydrogen chloride instead of the more expensive chlorine is used for the same purpose: CH 2 =CH 2 + 2 HCl + 1 ⁄ 2 O 2 → ClCH 2 CH 2 Cl + H 2 O. Secondary and tertiary alcohols react with hydrogen chloride to give the corresponding chlorides. In the laboratory, the related reaction involving zinc chloride in concentrated ...