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Hayek created the Austrian business cycle theory, which synthesizes Menger's capital theory and Mises's theory of money and credit. [226] The theory proposes a model of inter-temporal investment in which production plans precede the manufacture of the finished product.
For example, Milton Friedman said that calling the business cycle a "cycle" is a misnomer, because of its non-cyclical nature. Friedman believed that for the most part, excluding very large supply shocks, business declines are more of a monetary phenomenon. [43] Arthur F. Burns and Wesley C. Mitchell define business cycle as a form of ...
Lucas's model dominated new classical economic business cycle theory until 1982 when real business cycle theory, starting with Finn E. Kydland and Edward C. Prescott, [8] replaced Lucas's theory of a money driven business cycle with a strictly supply based model that used technology and other real shocks to explain fluctuations in output. [9]
Georg Friedrich Knapp, a German economist, invented the term "chartalism" in his State Theory of Money, which was published in German in 1905 and translated into English in 1924. The name derives from the Latin charta, in the sense of a token or ticket. [2] Knapp argued that "money is a creature of law" rather than a commodity. [3]
A macroeconomic model is an analytical tool designed to describe the operation of the problems of economy of a country or a region. These models are usually designed to examine the comparative statics and dynamics of aggregate quantities such as the total amount of goods and services produced, total income earned, the level of employment of productive resources, and the level of prices.
This graph shows the circular flow of income in a five-sector economy. The flow of money is shown with purple, and the flow of goods and services is shown with orange. Money flows in the opposite direction from goods and services. [1] Basic diagram of the circular flow of income.
Lucas' model was superseded as the standard model of New Classical Macroeconomics by the Real Business Cycle Theory, proposed in 1982 by Finn Kydland (1943–) and Edward C. Prescott (1940–), which seeks to explain observed fluctuations in output and employment in terms of real variables such as changes in technology and tastes. Assuming ...
Real business-cycle theory (RBC theory) is a class of new classical macroeconomics models in which business-cycle fluctuations are accounted for by real, in contrast to nominal, shocks. [1] RBC theory sees business cycle fluctuations as the efficient response to exogenous changes in the real economic environment.