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Prison workers in Louisiana, where voters rejected a similar constitutional amendment to outlaw slavery and involuntary servitude two years ago. (Gerald Herbert / Associated Press)
Proposition 6, a proposed amendment that would end forced labor in state prisons, was trailing in early results Tuesday night. The measure would eliminate "involuntary servitude" from the state ...
As a legal historian of slavery, I know that there’s more to understanding the failure of Prop 6 than we might think, and certainly more than racism alone can explain.
Supporters argued that "Proposition 6 ends slavery in California and upholds human rights and dignity for everyone. It replaces carceral involuntary servitude with voluntary work programs, has bipartisan support, and aligns with national efforts to reform the 13th Amendment .
Article I, Section 2 (a 2020 amendment to remove the exception was approved by 68% of voters [4] [5]) Oregon: Article 1, Section 34 (Amended 2022 by 55% of voters): (1) There shall be neither slavery nor involuntary servitude in the State, otherwise than for the punishment of crime, of which the party shall have been duly convicted this state.
Prison labor is legal under the 13th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution, which prohibits slavery and involuntary servitude, except as punishment for a crime. [1] Prison labor in the U.S. generates significant economic output. [2] Incarcerated workers provide services valued at $9 billion annually and produce over $2 billion in goods.
The prison system also doubled the paltry wages it pays for work, although the jobs pay a pittance even with that increase. Most prisoners make 16 to 74 cents per hour, though firefighters can be ...
That amendment, which was ratified in 1865 and thankfully ended slavery for millions of Black people in America, has a loophole that amounts to a gaping hole if you care about criminal justice ...