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These include the State-Trait Anger Scale (STAS) and the State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory (STAXI). Alternate forms of the STAI have been developed, including a short-form version (STAI-6) as well as a child form, the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory for Children (STAIC). [citation needed] The STAI requires a sixth grade reading level.
The State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory (STAXI) has been developed as a 44-item questionnaire to assess stable (trait) and current (state) intensity of the expression of anger. [17] Its current version is the STAXI-2 [18] which has also been adapted for the use with children and adolescents. [19]
Charles Donald Spielberger, Ph.D. (1927 – 11 June 2013) was a clinical community psychologist well-known for his development of the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory.. In 1972, as incoming president of the Southeastern Psychological Association he appointed the organization's Task Force on the Status of Women, chaired by Ellen Kimmel.
It is currently thought there are just under 50 measures of psychological anger. [98] The Spielberger State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory [99] and the Novaco Anger Scale and Provocation Inventory [100] are widely recognized and frequently used self-report measures for assessing anger, focusing on various aspects of anger expression including ...
The STAI is based on the theory that there are two distinct aspects of anxiety. The State scale is designed to measure the circumstantial or temporary arousal of anxiety, and the Trait scale is designed to measure longstanding personality characteristics related to anxiety. The items on each scale are based on a two-factor model: "anxiety ...
A self-report inventory is a type of psychological test in which a person fills out a survey or questionnaire with or without the help of an investigator. Self-report inventories often ask direct questions about personal interests, values, symptoms, behaviors, and traits or personality types. Inventories are different from tests in that there ...
The BAI can be described as a measure of "prolonged state anxiety", which, in a clinical setting, is an important assessment. A version of the BAI, the Beck Anxiety Inventory-Trait (BAIT), was developed in 2008 to assess trait anxiety rather than immediate or prolonged state anxiety, much like the STAI.
This version of mood-state inventory is a multidimensional instrument, and is used to look over and examine the frequency of multiple fundamental human emotions. [11] The 49 items of the DES-IV help measure 12 basic emotions (interest, joy, surprise, sadness, anger, disgust, contempt, hostility, fear, shame, shyness and guilt). [12]