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A phospholipase is an enzyme that hydrolyzes phospholipids [1] into fatty acids and other lipophilic substances. There are four major classes, termed A, B, C, and D, which are distinguished by the type of reaction which they catalyze: Phospholipase A Phospholipase A 1 – cleaves the sn-1 acyl chain (where sn refers to stereospecific numbering).
Phospholipase C (PLC) is a class of membrane-associated enzymes that cleave phospholipids just before the phosphate group (see figure). It is most commonly taken to be synonymous with the human forms of this enzyme, which play an important role in eukaryotic cell physiology , in particular signal transduction pathways.
This family consists of lysophospholipase / phospholipase B (EC 3.1.1.5) and cytosolic phospholipase A 2 which also has a C2 domain InterPro: IPR000008. Phospholipase B enzymes catalyse the release of fatty acids from lysophospholipids and are capable in vitro of hydrolyzing all phospholipids extractable from yeast cells. [ 1 ]
Phospholipase D (EC 3.1.4.4, lipophosphodiesterase II, lecithinase D, choline phosphatase, PLD; systematic name phosphatidylcholine phosphatidohydrolase) is an anesthetic sensitive [1] and mechanosensitive [2] enzyme of the phospholipase superfamily that catalyses the following reaction a phosphatidylcholine + H 2 O = choline + a phosphatidate
7 Other list of enzymes. Toggle the table of contents. List of enzymes. 11 languages. ... Phospholipase C (EC 3.1.4.3) CGMP specific phosphodiesterase type 5 (EC 3.1 ...
Phospholipase A 1 (EC 3.1.1.32; systematic name: phosphatidylcholine 1-acylhydrolase) encoded by the PLA 1 A gene is a phospholipase enzyme which removes the 1-acyl group: [1] phosphatidylcholine + H 2 O ⇌ 2-acylglycerophosphocholine + a carboxylate
A number of these enzymes have specificity for phosphoinositides. Of the phosphoinositide-specific phospholipase C enzymes, C-beta is regulated by heterotrimeric G protein-coupled receptors, while the closely related C-gamma-1 (PLCG1; MIM 172420) and C-gamma-2 enzymes are controlled by receptor tyrosine kinases.
These enzymes belong to a larger superfamily of Phospholipase C. Other families of phospholipase C enzymes have been identified in bacteria and trypanosomes. Phospholipases C are phosphodiesterases. Phospholipase Cs participate in phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP 2) metabolism and lipid signaling pathways
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