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Superplasticizers (SPs), also known as high range water reducers, are additives used for making high-strength concrete or to place self-compacting concrete. Plasticizers are chemical compounds enabling the production of concrete with approximately 15% less water content. Superplasticizers allow reduction in water content by 30% or more.
However, most HPFRCCs include at least the following ingredients: fine aggregates, a superplasticizer, polymeric or metallic fibers, cement, and water. Thus the principal difference between HPFRCC and typical concrete composition lies in HPFRCCs' lack of coarse aggregates. Typically, a fine aggregate such as silica sand is used in HPFRCCs.
These inexpensive products were derived from wood and paper industry, but are now advantageously replaced by other synthetic sulfonate and polycarboxylate, also known as superplasticizers. Water reducers offer several advantages in their use, listed below: reduces the water content by 5-10%; decreases the concrete porosity
Of commercial importance are the alkylnaphthalene sulfonates, which are used as superplasticizers in concrete. They are produced on a large scale by condensation of naphthalenesulfonate or alkylnaphthalenesulfonates with formaldehyde. [1] [2] Examples include: amaranth dye; amido black; armstrong's acid; congo red; Evans blue; suramin; trypan blue
In 2023, the Master Builders Solutions Holding allocated over 3% of its turnover to R&D, resulting in over 80 ongoing pipeline projects. One notable innovation is the superplasticizer MasterCO 2 re, [9] facilitating the use of clinker-reduced cement types in concrete production and achieving substantial CO 2 savings up to 50%.
PVC, used extensively in sewage pipes, is only useful because of plasticizers. [1]A plasticizer (UK: plasticiser) is a substance that is added to a material to make it softer and more flexible, to increase its plasticity, to decrease its viscosity, and/or to decrease friction during its handling in manufacture.
President-elect Donald Trump promised mass deportation on the campaign trail, and while the scale of it remains vague, the elements of the plan are an unlikely call back to former President Barack ...
Such projects involve re-roofing work which can increase energy efficiencies, [6] re-cladding or painting the external skin of the building to give a modern look, [7] replacement of sky lights and atriums with double glazing solar reduction glass and internal refits where additional insulation is added when internal rooms are renovated.
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