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The Indiana Harbor and Ship Canal is an artificial waterway on the southwest shore of Lake Michigan, in East Chicago, Indiana, which connects the Grand Calumet River to Lake Michigan. It consists of two branch canals , the 1.25 miles (2.01 km) Lake George Branch and the 2 miles (3.2 km) long Grand Calumet River Branch which join to form the ...
The Illinois and Michigan Canal (I&M) opened in 1848. In 1900, the Chicago Sanitary and Ship Canal replaced the I&M and reversed the flow of the Chicago River so it no longer flowed into Lake Michigan. The United States Army Corps of Engineers maintains a 9-foot-deep (2.7 m) navigation channel in the waterway. [1]
The Cal-Sag Channel (short for "Calumet-Saganashkee Channel") is a navigation canal in southern Cook County, Illinois. It serves as a channel between the Little Calumet River and the Chicago Sanitary and Ship Canal. It is 16 miles (26 km) long and was dug over an 11-year period, from 1911 until 1922.
The waterway allows passage from the Atlantic Ocean to the inland port of Duluth on Lake Superior, a distance of 2,340 miles (3,770 km) and to Chicago, on Lake Michigan, at 2,250 miles (3,620 km). [3] The elevation change from Lake Superior to sea level is 601 feet (183 m).
The Grand Calumet is divided into an East and West branch, on the respective sides of the Indiana Harbor Canal.The East Branch, which drains entirely into Lake Michigan, [6] rises in Marquette Park in Gary's Miller Beach neighborhood, passing through a series of three lagoons - two of which are partially located within the Miller Woods unit of Indiana Dunes National Park - before flowing ...
Calumet Heights was swampy and relatively unoccupied throughout the nineteenth century. In 1870, the Calumet and Chicago Canal Dock Company purchased the Stony Island Ridge. [2] A railroad was built in 1881 along the western border of Calumet Heights leading to the development of the neighborhood. [3]
Below is a list of ports in the Great Lakes region, which includes Lake Erie, Lake Huron, Lake Michigan, Lake Ontario, and Lake Superior, as well as the smaller Lake St. Clair. Lake Superior [ edit ]
The canal crossed the Chicago Portage, and helped establish Chicago as the transportation hub of the United States, before the railroad era. It was opened in 1848. It was opened in 1848. Its function was partially replaced by the wider and deeper Chicago Sanitary and Ship Canal in 1900, and it ceased transportation operations with the ...