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Korsakoff syndrome (KS) [1] is a disorder of the central nervous system characterized by amnesia, deficits in explicit memory, and confabulation. This neurological disorder is caused by a deficiency of thiamine (vitamin B 1 ) in the brain, and it is typically associated with and exacerbated by the prolonged, excessive ingestion of alcohol . [ 2 ]
Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome (WKS) is the combined presence of Wernicke encephalopathy (WE) and alcoholic Korsakoff syndrome (AKS [clarification needed]). Due to the close relationship between these two disorders, people with either are usually diagnosed with WKS as a single syndrome.
Up to 80% of WE patients who misuse alcohol develop Korsakoff's syndrome. [39] In Korsakoff's, is usually observed atrophy of the thalamus and the mammillary bodies, and frontal lobe involvement. [39] In a study, half of Wernicke–Korsakoff cases had good recovery from the amnesic state, which may take from 2 months to 10 years. [2]
Korsakoff's syndrome and Wernicke–Korsakoff syndrome are particular forms of alcohol related brain injury which may be related to alcohol related dementia. [18] Many experts use the terms alcohol (or alcoholic) dementia to describe a specific form of ARD, characterized by impaired executive function (planning, thinking, and judgment). [5]
Uncomplicated alcoholics, those with chronic Wernicke's encephalopathy (WE), and Korsakoff psychosis showed significant neuronal loss in the frontal cortex, white matter, hippocampus, and basal forebrain. [14] Uncomplicated alcoholics were seen to have a shrinkage in raphe neurons, the mamillary bodies, and the thalamus. [14]
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RA has been found among alcohol-dependent patients who have Korsakoff's syndrome. [25] Korsakoff's syndrome patients develop retrograde amnesia due to a thiamine deficiency (lack of vitamin B1). [26] Also, chronic alcohol use disorders are associated with a decrease in the volume of the left and right hippocampus. [25]
Wernicke syndrome is an ambiguous term. It may refer to: Wernicke aphasia: the eponymous term for receptive or sensory aphasia.; Wernicke encephalopathy: an acute neurological syndrome of ophthalmoparesis, ataxia, and encephalopathy brought on by thiamine deficiency.
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