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Coordinate values (latitude, longitude, and altitude) should be delimited by spaces. The decimal point is a part of the value, thus must usually be configured by the operating system. [a] Multiple locations should be represented by multiple lines. Latitude and longitude should be displayed by sexagesimal fractions (i.e. minutes and seconds).
Geodetic latitude and geocentric latitude have different definitions. Geodetic latitude is defined as the angle between the equatorial plane and the surface normal at a point on the ellipsoid, whereas geocentric latitude is defined as the angle between the equatorial plane and a radial line connecting the centre of the ellipsoid to a point on the surface (see figure).
As with latitude and longitude, the values are bounded by ±90° and ±180° respectively. Positive latitudes are north of the equator, negative latitudes are south of the equator. Positive longitudes are east of the Prime Meridian; negative longitudes are west of the Prime Meridian. Latitude and longitude are usually expressed in that sequence ...
Informally, specifying a geographic location usually means giving the location's latitude and longitude. The numerical values for latitude and longitude can occur in a number of different units or formats: [2] sexagesimal degree: degrees, minutes, and seconds : 40° 26′ 46″ N 79° 58′ 56″ W
Consider e.g. the value of ("east displacement") when and are on either side of the ±180° meridian, or the value of ("mean latitude") for the two positions (=89°, =45°) and (=89°, =−135°). If a calculation based on latitude/longitude should be valid for all Earth positions, it should be verified that the discontinuity and the Poles are ...
A calculator for any latitude is provided by the U.S. Government's National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency (NGA). [8] The following graph illustrates the variation of both a degree of latitude and a degree of longitude with latitude. The definition of geodetic latitude (ϕ) and geocentric latitude (θ).
A geographic coordinate system (GCS) is a spherical or geodetic coordinate system for measuring and communicating positions directly on Earth as latitude and longitude. [1] It is the simplest, oldest and most widely used type of the various spatial reference systems that are in use, and forms the basis for most others.
The lines from pole to pole are lines of constant longitude, or meridians. The circles parallel to the Equator are circles of constant latitude, or parallels. The graticule shows the latitude and longitude of points on the surface. In this example, meridians are spaced at 6° intervals and parallels at 4° intervals.
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