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Besides, overuse injury of the upper limbs causes swellings, small bleeding, and subsequent fibrosis which would cause the thrombosis of the subclavian vein, leading to Paget–Schroetter disease or effort-induced thrombosis. [7] TOS can be related to cerebrovascular arterial insufficiency when affecting the subclavian artery. [8]
The brachial artery is the major blood vessel of the (upper) arm. It is the continuation of the axillary artery beyond the lower margin of teres major muscle . It continues down the ventral surface of the arm until it reaches the cubital fossa at the elbow .
Trigeminal neuralgia (TN or TGN), also called Fothergill disease, tic douloureux, trifacial neuralgia, or suicide disease, is a long-term pain disorder that affects the trigeminal nerve, [7] [1] the nerve responsible for sensation in the face and motor functions such as biting and chewing.
Complication of catheter insertion rarely causes arteriovenous fistula. It is usually caused by brachial artery puncture because brachial artery is located between two brachial veins. [6] Surgically created Cimino fistula is used as a vascular access for hemodialysis. Blood must be aspirated from the body of the patient, and since arteries are ...
Flow-mediated dilation (FMD) refers to dilation (widening) of an artery when blood flow increases in that artery. [1] [2] The primary cause of FMD is release of nitric oxide by endothelial cells. [1] To determine FMD, brachial artery dilation following a transient period of forearm ischemia is measured using ultrasound. [3]
It is also caused by fractures of the forearm bones if they cause bleeding from the major blood vessels of the forearm. [citation needed] The condition may be caused by obstruction on the brachial artery near the elbow, possibly from improper use of a tourniquet, improper use of a plaster cast, or compartment syndrome. [citation needed]
This will occlude the brachial artery. In the absence of blood flow, the patient's hypocalcemia and subsequent neuromuscular irritability will induce spasm of the muscles of the hand and forearm. The wrist and metacarpophalangeal joints flex, the DIP and PIP joints extend, and the fingers adduct.
In a suicide by firearm, immediate incapacitation can be achieved by direct disruption to brain stem tissue. Rapid incapacitation can be achieved indirectly by cerebral hypoxemia resulting from massive bleeding from the heart , the thoracic aorta , or the pulmonary artery .