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The traditional rate formula encourages capital investment because it provides a rate of return on the rate base. The more a utility invests, the more money it earns. [4] This is why for-profit utilities prefer capital investment over operating expenses, called "capital bias".
The rate base can include: cash, working capital, materials and supplies, deductions for accumulated provisions for depreciation, contributions in aid of construction, customer advances for construction, accumulated deferred income taxes, and accumulated deferred investment tax credits, all dependent on the method that is used in the calculation.
The authorised capital of a company sometimes referred to as the authorised share capital, registered capital or nominal capital, (particularly in the United States) is the maximum amount of share capital that the company is authorised by its constitutional documents to issue (allocate) to shareholders. Part of the authorised capital can (and ...
For the year ended June 2005, rates made up 56% of local-authority operating-revenue. [8] Almost all property owners in New Zealand pay rates; those who do so are referred to as ratepayers. People who rent property do not pay rates directly, but property owners will take account of the cost of rates when they set the rent.
Since January 1, 2018, the nominal federal corporate tax rate in the United States of America is a flat 21% following the passage of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017. State and local taxes and rules vary by jurisdiction, though many are based on federal concepts and definitions.
(A) Physical capital. See paragraph 102. (B) Nominal financial capital. See paragraph 104 (a). (C) Constant purchasing power financial capital. See paragraph 104 (a). [7] The three concepts of capital maintenance authorized in IFRS during low inflation and deflation are: (1) Physical capital maintenance: optional during low inflation and ...
Map of the world showing national-level sales tax / VAT rates as of October 2019. A comparison of tax rates by countries is difficult and somewhat subjective, as tax laws in most countries are extremely complex and the tax burden falls differently on different groups in each country and sub-national unit.
The County Rates Act 1739 ended the practice of separate rates being levied for individual purposes, such a highway rate and provided for a unified county rate. Rates on residential property were based on the nominal rental value, reassessed periodically in revaluations. By the Rating and Valuation Act 1925 (15 & 16 Geo. 5. c.