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Lipid peroxidation, or lipid oxidation, is a complex chemical process that leads to oxidative degradation of lipids, [1] resulting in the formation of peroxide and hydroperoxide derivatives. [2] It occurs when free radicals , specifically reactive oxygen species (ROS), interact with lipids within cell membranes , typically polyunsaturated fatty ...
Despite concerns among the scientific community, there is little data on the health effects of rancidity or lipid oxidation in humans. [ 8 ] [ 9 ] Animal studies show evidence of organ damage, inflammation, carcinogenesis, and advanced atherosclerosis, although typically the dose of oxidized lipids is larger than what would be consumed by humans.
4-Hydroxynonenal, or 4-hydroxy-2E-nonenal or 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal or 4-HNE or HNE, (C 9 H 16 O 2), is an α,β-unsaturated hydroxyalkenal that is produced by lipid peroxidation in cells. 4-HNE is the primary α,β-unsaturated hydroxyalkenal formed in this process.
Another method of termination is the reaction between a lipid radical and a lipid peroxide, or the combination of two lipid peroxide molecules, resulting in stable nonreactive molecules. [ 4 ] [ 5 ] Reinforced lipids that become part of the membrane if consumed with heavy isotope diet also inhibit peroxidation.
Oxidation by FAD; Hydration; Oxidation by NAD + Thiolysis; Production of acyl-CoA and acetyl-CoA; The final product of β-oxidation of an even-numbered fatty acid is acetyl-CoA, the entry molecule for the citric acid cycle. [3] If the fatty acid is an odd-numbered chain, the final product of β-oxidation will be propionyl-CoA.
The chain oxidation proceeds inexorably through multiple steps, destroying lipid membranes and generating highly reactive toxic secondary products that damage numerous biomolecules, such as proteins and DNA, irreversibly. This makes LPO one of the most detrimental processes that occur in the body.
Lipoxygenases (EC 1.13.11.-) (LOX) are a family of (non-heme) iron-containing enzymes, more specifically oxidative enzymes, most of which catalyze the dioxygenation of polyunsaturated fatty acids in lipids containing a cis,cis-1,4-pentadiene into cell signaling agents that serve diverse roles as autocrine signals that regulate the function of their parent cells, paracrine signals that regulate ...
Bahasa Indonesia; Bahasa Melayu ... Lipid metabolism is the synthesis and degradation of lipids in cells, ... The main products of the beta oxidation pathway are ...