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Major factors influencing cardiac output – heart rate and stroke volume, both of which are variable. [1]In cardiac physiology, cardiac output (CO), also known as heart output and often denoted by the symbols , ˙, or ˙, [2] is the volumetric flow rate of the heart's pumping output: that is, the volume of blood being pumped by a single ventricle of the heart, per unit time (usually measured ...
The area required to calculate the volumetric flow rate is real or imaginary, flat or curved, either as a cross-sectional area or a surface. The vector area is a combination of the magnitude of the area through which the volume passes through, A , and a unit vector normal to the area, n ^ {\displaystyle {\hat {\mathbf {n} }}} .
Reference ranges for blood tests of plasma renin activity can be given both in mass and in international units (μIU/mL or equivalently mIU/L, improperly shown as μU/mL or U/L, confusing mcU/mL used where Greek μ not available), with the former being roughly convertible to the latter by multiplying with 11.2. [3]
atmosphere-cubic foot per minute: atm cfm [citation needed] ≡ 1 atm × 1 cu ft/min = 47.820 074 682 24 W: atmosphere-cubic foot per second: atm cfs [citation needed] ≡ 1 atm × 1 cu ft/s = 2.869 204 480 9344 × 10 3 W: BTU (International Table) per hour: BTU IT /h ≡ 1 BTU IT /h ≈ 0.293 071 W: BTU (International Table) per minute: BTU IT ...
Assuming a hemoglobin concentration of 15 g/dL and an oxygen saturation of 99%, the oxygen concentration of arterial blood is approximately 200 mL of O 2 per L. The saturation of mixed venous blood is approximately 75% in health. Using this value in the above equation, the oxygen concentration of mixed venous blood is approximately 150 mL of O ...
It is a measure of the quantity of urine excreted in a specified period of time (per second or per minute). It is measured with uroflowmetry, a type of flow measurement. The letters "V" (for volume) and "Q" (a conventional symbol for flow rate) are both used as a symbol for urine flow rate. The V often has a dot , that is, V̇ ("V-dot").
Mass flow rate is defined by the limit [3] [4] ˙ = =, i.e., the flow of mass through a surface per time .. The overdot on ˙ is Newton's notation for a time derivative.Since mass is a scalar quantity, the mass flow rate (the time derivative of mass) is also a scalar quantity.
The standard liter per minute (SLM or SLPM) is a unit of (molar or) mass flow rate of a gas at standard conditions for temperature and pressure (STP), which is most commonly practiced in the United States, whereas European practice revolves around the normal litre per minute (NLPM). [1]