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Disorders affecting children such as ADHD, along with oppositional defiant disorder, conduct disorder, high functioning autism, and Tourette's syndrome have all been suggested to involve executive functioning deficits. [81]
Executive functions are impaired in multiple disorders including anxiety disorder, major depressive disorder, bipolar disorder, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, schizophrenia and autism. [122]
Specifically, it is often used for assessing executive functioning in children with developmental and/or acquired neurological conditions including: learning disabilities, tourette syndrome, traumatic brain injury, pervasive developmental disorders, autism, low birth weight. [8]
Unusual responses to sensory stimuli are more common and prominent in individuals with autism, and sensory abnormalities are commonly recognized as diagnostic criteria in autism spectrum disorder (ASD), as reported in the DSM-5; although there is no good evidence that sensory symptoms differentiate autism from other developmental disorders. [84]
The relationship between autism and memory, specifically memory functions in relation to autism spectrum disorder (ASD), is an ongoing topic of research. ASD is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterised by social communication and interaction impairments, along with restricted and repetitive patterns of behavior.
This assessment has been utilized for a number of different clinical populations including those with: frontal-lobe lesions, [5] attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, [6] specific learning disabilities, [7] mood disorders (e.g., bipolar disorder), [8] autism spectrum disorders, [9] traumatic brain injury, [10] fetal alcohol syndrome, [11 ...
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Task switching, or set-shifting, is an executive function that involves the ability to unconsciously shift attention between one task and another. In contrast, cognitive shifting is a very similar executive function, but it involves conscious (not unconscious) change in attention.