Search results
Results from the WOW.Com Content Network
The application of kinetic theory to ideal gases makes the following assumptions: The gas consists of very small particles. This smallness of their size is such that the sum of the volume of the individual gas molecules is negligible compared to the volume of the container of the gas.
James Clerk Maxwell introduced this approximation in 1867 [3] although its origins can be traced back to his first work on the kinetic theory in 1860. [4] [5] The assumption of molecular chaos is the key ingredient that allows proceeding from the BBGKY hierarchy to Boltzmann's equation, by reducing the 2-particle distribution function showing ...
Another application of molecular mechanics is energy minimization, whereby the force field is used as an optimization criterion. This method uses an appropriate algorithm (e.g. steepest descent) to find the molecular structure of a local energy minimum. These minima correspond to stable conformers of the molecule (in the chosen force field) and ...
Although the kinetic model describes the physics accurately, it is more complex (and in the case of numerical simulations, more computationally intensive) than the fluid model. The hybrid model is a combination of fluid and kinetic models, treating some components of the system as a fluid, and others kinetically.
PhET Interactive Simulations is part of the University of Colorado Boulder which is a member of the Association of American Universities. [10] The team changes over time and has about 16 members consisting of professors, post-doctoral students, researchers, education specialists, software engineers (sometimes contractors), educators, and administrative assistants. [11]
Hoover (1985) used the phase-space continuity equation, a generalized Liouville equation, to establish what is now known as the Nosé–Hoover thermostat. This approach does not require the scaling of the time (or, in effect, of the momentum) by s. The Nosé–Hoover algorithm is nonergodic for a single harmonic oscillator. [1]
The model attempts to predict turbulence by two partial differential equations for two variables, k and ω, with the first variable being the turbulence kinetic energy (k) while the second (ω) is the specific rate of dissipation (of the turbulence kinetic energy k into internal thermal energy). SST (Menter’s Shear Stress Transport)
For a system of particles with masses , with coordinates = that constitute a time-dependent random variable, the resulting Langevin equation is [2] [3] ¨ = ˙ + (), where () is the particle interaction potential; is the gradient operator such that () is the force calculated from the particle interaction potentials; the dot is a time derivative ...