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Gibbs surround is named after the architect James Gibbs, who often used it and popularized it in England, for example at St Martin-in-the-Fields in London. Here the side doors have surrounds with all the details including pediments, while the round-topped windows along the sides have Gibbs surrounds if the broadest definition is used.
This transformation continued throughout the later parts of the early Middle Ages, gradually shifting into the large circular stained glass windows of the gothic era known as rose windows. [7] While tympanums are inspired by the shape and placement of pediments, classical pediments more closely transformed into rose windows than tympanums.
Open pediments on windows at the Palazzo Farnese, Rome, by Antonio da Sangallo the Younger, begun 1534. A variant is the "segmental" or "arch" pediment, where the normal angular slopes of the cornice are replaced by one in the form of a segment of a circle, in the manner of a depressed arch. [10]
Venetian window at Holkham Hall in Norfolk, England, c. 1734-64 A Venetian window (also known as a Serlian window ) is a large tripartite window which is a key element in Palladian architecture . Although Sebastiano Serlio (1475–1554) did not invent it, the window features largely in the work of the Italian architect Andrea Palladio (1508 ...
A style of pediment in which the center is left open (and often ornamented) by stopping the sloping sides short of the pediment's apex. A variant of this in which the sides are curved to resemble esses is called a swan's neck pediment. Bullseye window Either a small oval window, or an early type of window glass. Bulwark
The Library is upstairs. It is a long low building with an ornate wooden ceiling, a matching floor and crowded with corrals finished by his successors to Michelangelo's design. But it is a light room, the natural lighting streaming through a long row of windows that appear positively crammed between the order of pilasters that march along the wall.
Fluting, very often convex, is also found in various media in the decorative arts, including metalware, wooden furniture, glass and pottery. It was common in English cut glass of the Georgian period. In metal plate armour, fluting was very practical, strengthening the plate against heavy blows. [36]
The 4th through 43rd stories have pilasters of continuous white brick, alternating with bays of windows and spandrels. The windows were designed to be flush with the brick. [ 27 ] [ 34 ] Franzheim avoided decorative elements such as cornices , entablatures , and pediments , as he wanted the building to be "shadow-less".