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Those clerics who reach the apex in the hierarchy of theological rank in the centers of Shi'a learning become marja-i taqlids. [ 2 ] [ 4 ] Since around 1940, marja-i taqlids are often referred to by their followers with the honorific title of Ayatollah al-`Uzma (Grand Ayatollah – "ayatollah" meaning "sign of God"). [ 2 ]
Although superior in substance, angels are inferior to mankind, because man can reflect the image of God. The verse 2:34 implies the superiority of the mankind. [79] God revealed the Quran to Muhammad by Gabriel who was also his guide on Mi'raj. The angels record the deeds of men. [80] They follow the commands of God and do not precede him 21: ...
Shia believe that the study of Islamic literature is a continual process, and is necessary for identifying all of God's laws. [ citation needed ] They believe that the process of finding God's laws from the available Islamic literature will facilitate dealing with any circumstance.
[4] [5] The Imams are also guided by preserved texts in their possession, such as al-Jafr, al-Jamia, and unaltered past books the Torah and Injeel. Imamat, or belief in the divine guide, is a fundamental belief in the Twelver Shia doctrine and is based on the concept that God would not leave humanity without access to divine guidance. [6]
According to Seyyed Hossein Nasr, Ali, the first Shia Imam, is credited with having established Islamic theology and his quotations contain the first rational proofs among Muslims of the Unity of God. [12] Ali expresses that "God is One" means that he is away from likeness and numeration and he is not divisible even in imagination. [13] He says:
These books seek to give a rational account of Shi'a theology in contrast with the Ash'ari, Mu'tazili and other theological schools of Islam. The contents of these books are taken from the 8th to the 13th century (2nd to 7th century of Islam). Eʿteqādātal-Emāmīya by Shaykh Saduq (923 AD - 991 AD) Al-Amali by Shaykh Saduq (923 AD - 991 AD)
It is in this sense that the imam is said to be the Proof of God (hujjat Allah), the Vicar of God (khakifat Allah), and the Threshold of God (bab Allah). [97] In particular, as the divinely-sanctioned guide, imam is the highest proof ( hujjat ) of God on Earth and His evidence on the judgement day against those who deny or disobey Him.
Al-Irshad (Persian: ارشاد), also called the Book of Guidance into the Lives of the 12 Imams, [1] is a biography of the lives of the 12 Shia Imams. It describes their historical circumstances, miracles and virtues. [2] The book also includes evidence for Imamates among Shia.