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Those clerics who reach the apex in the hierarchy of theological rank in the centers of Shi'a learning become marja-i taqlids. [ 2 ] [ 4 ] Since around 1940, marja-i taqlids are often referred to by their followers with the honorific title of Ayatollah al-`Uzma (Grand Ayatollah – "ayatollah" meaning "sign of God"). [ 2 ]
Shia believe that the study of Islamic literature is a continual process, and is necessary for identifying all of God's laws. [ citation needed ] They believe that the process of finding God's laws from the available Islamic literature will facilitate dealing with any circumstance.
By Shia theological doctrine, since the people have come from God, they will go back to God, and it is related to people's reaction to the prophecy. [133] They argue that according to the Quran, 23: 115 , God, whose actions are the absolute truth, does not create a man without any purpose.
According to a hadith attributed to ibn Abbas, God created four types of intelligent beings; those among whom all will be in paradise - they are the angels; all those who will be in hell-fire - they are the devils; and creatures both in paradise and hell - they are the jinn and humans. [1] Most creatures can be assigned to these.
[4] [5] The Imams are also guided by preserved texts in their possession, such as al-Jafr, al-Jamia, and unaltered past books the Torah and Injeel. Imamat, or belief in the divine guide, is a fundamental belief in the Twelver Shia doctrine and is based on the concept that God would not leave humanity without access to divine guidance. [6]
For all Shia, the son-in-law of Muhammad is the first Shia Imam [26] and the rightful successor to Muhammad. [27] For Sunnis , he is the fourth successor . [ 18 ] He holds an important position in almost all Sufi orders , which trace their lineage to Muhammad through him.
Al-Irshad (Persian: ارشاد), also called the Book of Guidance into the Lives of the 12 Imams, [1] is a biography of the lives of the 12 Shia Imams. It describes their historical circumstances, miracles and virtues. [2] The book also includes evidence for Imamates among Shia.
These books seek to give a rational account of Shi'a theology in contrast with the Ash'ari, Mu'tazili and other theological schools of Islam. The contents of these books are taken from the 8th to the 13th century (2nd to 7th century of Islam). Eʿteqādātal-Emāmīya by Shaykh Saduq (923 AD - 991 AD) Al-Amali by Shaykh Saduq (923 AD - 991 AD)