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Shone’s syndrome is a rare disorder that is often detected in very young children. The children tend to show symptoms like fatigue, nocturnal cough, and reduced cardiac output by the age of two years. They also develop wheezing due to the exudation of fluid into the lungs. [1]
Just as the photon, Z and W ± bosons are superpositions of the B 0, W 0, W 1, and W 2 fields, the photino, zino, and wino ± are superpositions of the bino 0, wino 0, wino 1, and wino 2. No matter if one uses the original gauginos or this superpositions as a basis, the only predicted physical particles are neutralinos and charginos as a ...
Congenital heart anomaly, congenital heart disease: The normal structure of the heart (left) in comparison to two common locations for a ventricular septal defect (right), the most common form of congenital heart defect [1] Specialty: Cardiology: Symptoms: Rapid breathing, bluish skin, poor weight gain, feeling tired [2] Complications: Heart ...
For a Riemann surface, a Lie group, and a (generally complex) number, let us define the -WZW model on at the level . The model is a nonlinear sigma model whose action is a functional of a field γ : Σ → G {\displaystyle \gamma :\Sigma \to G} :
In 1984, Michael Green and John H. Schwarz realized that the anomaly in type I string theory with the gauge group SO(32) cancels because of an extra "classical" contribution from a 2-form field. They realized that one of the necessary conditions for a superstring theory to make sense is that the dimension of the gauge group of type I string ...
[1] Some of the major unsolved problems in physics are theoretical, meaning that existing theories seem incapable of explaining a certain observed phenomenon or experimental result. The others are experimental, meaning that there is a difficulty in creating an experiment to test a proposed theory or investigate a phenomenon in greater detail.
A special case of this problem is known as the “counting anomaly”. [ 32 ] [ 33 ] Supporters of collapse theories mostly dismiss this criticism as a misunderstanding of the theory, [ 34 ] [ 35 ] as in the context of dynamical collapse theories, the absolute square of the wave function is interpreted as an actual matter density.
Therefore, N = 4 SYM has 1 + 4 + 6 = 11 fields, namely: one vector field (the spin-1 gauge boson), four spinor fields (the spin-1/2 fermions) and six scalar fields (the spin-0 bosons). N = 4 is the maximum number of independent supersymmetries: starting from a spin-1 field and using more supersymmetries, e.g., N = 5, only rotates between the 11 ...