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Cataract surgery, also called lens replacement surgery, is the removal of the natural lens of the eye that has developed a cataract, an opaque or cloudy area. [1] The eye's natural lens is usually replaced with an artificial intraocular lens (IOL) implant.
Osteo-odonto-keratoprosthesis (OOKP), also known as "tooth in eye" surgery, [1] is a medical procedure to restore vision in the most severe cases of corneal and ocular surface patients. It includes removal of a tooth from the patient or a donor.
This type of bleeding starts 2 to 3 hours after tooth extraction, as a result of cessation of vasoconstriction. Systemic intervention might be required. 3. Secondary bleeding. This type of bleeding usually begins 7 to 10 days post extraction, and is most likely due to infection destroying the blood clot or ulcerating local vessels.
The cataract is removed from the capsule and anterior chamber using hydroexpression [Note 3] viscoexpression, [Note 4] or more-direct mechanical methods. [4] [13] [14] The extraction of the cataract must be done with due care so as not to compromise the integrity of the tunnel; the endothelium and capsule are also vulnerable to injury.
Cataract removal can be performed at any stage and no longer requires ripening of the lens. [clarification needed] Surgery is usually outpatient and usually performed using local anesthesia. About 9 of 10 patients can achieve a corrected vision of 20/40 or better after surgery. [42]
At the beginning of the 20th century, the standard surgical procedure was intracapsular cataract extraction (ICCE). [7] In 1949, Harold Ridley introduced the concept of implantation of the intraocular lens (IOL), which made visual rehabilitation after cataract surgery a more efficient, effective, and comfortable process. [1]
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