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A cofactor is a non-protein chemical compound or metallic ion that is required for an enzyme's role as a catalyst (a catalyst is a substance that increases the rate of a chemical reaction). Cofactors can be considered "helper molecules" that assist in biochemical transformations.
Category: Enzymes by cofactor. 11 languages. ... Thiamin diphosphate enzymes (4 P) Thiamine enzymes (11 P) Tungsten enzymes (2 P) Z. Zinc enzymes (1 C, 28 P)
Thiamine pyrophosphate (TPP or ThPP), or thiamine diphosphate (ThDP), or cocarboxylase [1] is a thiamine (vitamin B 1) derivative which is produced by the enzyme thiamine diphosphokinase. Thiamine pyrophosphate is a cofactor that is present in all living systems, in which it catalyzes several biochemical reactions.
Four key cofactors are required for the reaction catalyzed by the lysine 2,3-aminomutase enzyme. They are: S-Adenosyl methionine (SAM): Helps generate the radical intermediate by borrowing an electron. [5] Pyridoxal phosphate (PLP): Responsible for binding of the amino acid during reaction. The pi-system of this molecule facilitates radical ...
Enzymes utilizing such cofactors include the PLP-dependent enzyme aspartate transaminase and the TPP-dependent enzyme pyruvate dehydrogenase. [ 21 ] [ 22 ] Rather than lowering the activation energy for a reaction pathway, covalent catalysis provides an alternative pathway for the reaction (via to the covalent intermediate) and so is distinct ...
Enzymes that use molybdopterin as cofactor or prosthetic group are given below. [5] Molybdopterin is a: Cofactor of: xanthine oxidase, DMSO reductase, sulfite oxidase, nitrate reductase, ethylbenzene dehydrogenase, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate ferredoxin oxidoreductase, respiratory arsenate reductase, carbon monoxide dehydrogenase, aldehyde oxidase.
This domain binds to its cofactor, S-adenosyl-L-methionine (SAM-e), which provides the methyl group for N τ-methylation reactions. [16] [17] The second domain, called the "substrate binding domain", interacts with histamine, contributing to its binding to the enzyme molecule. This domain is connected to the MTase domain and forms a separate ...
Prosthetic groups are a subset of cofactors. Loosely bound metal ions and coenzymes are still cofactors, but are generally not called prosthetic groups. [2] [3] [4] In enzymes, prosthetic groups are involved in the catalytic mechanism and required for activity. Other prosthetic groups have structural properties.