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The feminine of first- and second-declension adjectives uses the -ā class of the first declension: -os, -ā/ē, -on; First- and third-declension adjectives, including participles in -nt-, use the -(y)ă class. Here are examples of this class, which is complex because of sound changes involving the y (see Ancient Greek nouns: short a): -us ...
The second declension contains two types of masculine Greek nouns and one form of neuter Greek noun. These nouns are irregular only in the singular, as are their first-declension counterparts. Greek nouns in the second declension are derived from the Omicron declension. Some Greek nouns may also be declined as normal Latin nouns.
The first and second person plural forms ήμαστε and ήσαστε appear very rarely in the spoken language. [ 13 ] For both of these verbs, the older declinable participles are also sometimes used in fossilized stereotypical expressions (e.g. "έχων σωάς τας φρένας", 'of sound mind and spirit')
οἱ θεοί (hoi theoí) "the gods" – 2nd declension αἱ γυναῖκες (hai gunaîkes) "the women" – 3rd declension. 1st declension nouns tend to be feminine (but there are some exceptions such as στρατιώτης (stratiṓtēs) "a soldier"), 2nd declension nouns tend to be masculine (again with exceptions).
The first declension includes mostly feminine nouns, but also a few masculine nouns, including agent nouns in -της, patronyms in -ίδης, and demonyms. The first-declension genitive plural always takes a circumflex on the last syllable. In Homeric Greek the ending was -άων (ᾱ) or -έων (through shortening from *-ηων).
Although the a of the Greek and Latin first declension was not originally a thematic vowel, it is considered one in Greek and Latin grammar. In both languages, first-declension nouns take some endings belonging to the thematic second declension. An a-stem noun was originally a collective noun suffixed with -eh₂, the ending of the neuter plural.
The second declension is a category of nouns in Latin and Greek with similar case formation. In particular, these nouns are thematic , with an original o in most of their forms. [ 1 ] In Classical Latin , the short o of the nominative and accusative singular became u .
The first sentence above could be formed with any of the following word orders and would have the same meaning: [1] "The dog no chased a cat ac." "A cat ac chased the dog no." "Chased a cat ac the dog no." As a more complex example, the sentence: Mum, this little boy's dog was chasing a cat down our street!