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Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are a group of growth factors also known as cytokines and as metabologens. [1] Professor Marshall Urist and Professor Hari Reddi discovered their ability to induce the formation of bone and cartilage, BMPs are now considered to constitute a group of pivotal morphogenetic signals, orchestrating tissue architecture throughout the body.
Bone morphogenetic protein 4 is a protein that in humans is encoded by BMP4 gene. [4] [5] BMP4 is found on chromosome 14q22-q23.BMP4 is a member of the bone morphogenetic protein family which is part of the transforming growth factor-beta superfamily.
27302 12154 Ensembl ENSG00000163217 ENSMUSG00000030046 UniProt O95393 Q9R229 RefSeq (mRNA) NM_014482 NM_009756 RefSeq (protein) NP_055297 NP_033886 Location (UCSC) Chr 2: 68.86 – 68.87 Mb Chr 6: 87.41 – 87.41 Mb PubMed search Wikidata View/Edit Human View/Edit Mouse Bone morphogenetic protein 10 (BMP10) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the BMP10 gene. BMP10 is a polypeptide ...
12156 Ensembl ENSG00000125845 ENSMUSG00000027358 UniProt P12643 P21274 RefSeq (mRNA) NM_001200 NM_007553 RefSeq (protein) NP_001191 NP_031579 Location (UCSC) Chr 20: 6.77 – 6.78 Mb Chr 2: 133.39 – 133.4 Mb PubMed search Wikidata View/Edit Human View/Edit Mouse Bone morphogenetic protein 2 or BMP-2 belongs to the TGF-β superfamily of proteins. Function BMP-2 like other bone morphogenetic ...
The activation of this pathway has been documented in all cellular types analyzed up to date, including hepatocytes and HCC cells. [18] [19] GDF2 also triggers Smad-2/Smad-3 phosphorylation in different endothelial cell types. [20] [21] Another pathway for GDF2 is the induced non-canonical one. Little is known about this type of pathway in GDF2.
BMPR2 is expressed on both human and animal granulosa cells, and is a crucial receptor for bone morphogenetic protein 15 (BMP15) and growth differentiation factor 9 (GDF9). ). These two protein signaling molecules and their BMPR2-mediated effects play an important role in follicle development in preparation for ovulatio
Activin A receptor, type I (ACVR1) is a protein which in humans is encoded by the ACVR1 gene; it is also known as ALK-2 (activin receptor-like kinase-2). [5] ACVR1 has been linked to the 2q23-24 region of the genome. [6]
[15] [16] Kidney disease is characterized by derangement of the tubular architecture by both myofibroblast buildup and monocyte infiltration [17] Because endogenous BMP-7 is an inhibitor of the TGF-β signaling cascade that induces fibrosis, the use of exogenous recombinant BMP-7 (rhBMP-7) could be a viable treatment of chronic kidney disease. [8]