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Tube must be filled to the proper line. Plain red No additive: Serum: Total complement activity, cryoglobulins: Gold (sometimes red and grey "tiger top" [3]) Clot activator and serum separating gel [4] Serum-separating tube (SST): Tube inversions promote clotting.
Vacutainer tubes may contain additives designed to stabilize and preserve the specimen prior to analytical testing. Tubes are available with a safety-engineered stopper, with a variety of labeling options and draw volumes. The color of the top indicates the additives in the vial. [1] Vacutainer tubes were invented by Joseph Kleiner in 1949. [2]
These tubes should be used with care when measuring drug or hormone levels because the drug or hormone may diffuse from the serum into the gel, causing a reduction in measured level. The gel in SST II tubes (which appears slightly less opaque) is supposed [weasel words] to have less effect on drug levels in serum. [citation needed]
Reagent testers might show the colour of the desired substance while not showing a different colour for a more dangerous additive. [2] For this reason it is essential to use multiple different tests to show all adulterants.
While colors vary between manufacturers, stopper colors generally are associated with each additive as listed below. Because the additives from each tube can be left on the needle used to fill the tubes, they must be drawn in a specific order to ensure that cross contamination will not negatively affect testing of the samples if multiple tubes ...
Phlebotomy is the process of making a puncture in a vein, usually in the arm, with a cannula for the purpose of drawing blood. [1] The procedure itself is known as a venipuncture , which is also used for intravenous therapy .
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Butterflies are commonly available in 18-27 gauge bore, [1] 21G and 23G being most popular.. In phlebotomy, there is widespread avoidance of 25G and 27G butterflies based on belief that such small-bore needles hemolyze and/or clot blood samples and hence invalidate blood tests. [2]