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Turkish or Ottoman illumination refers to non-figurative painted or drawn decorative art found in manuscripts or on sheets in muraqqa. [1] In Turkish it is called “tezhip”, [2] meaning “ornamenting with gold”. The Classical Islamic style of manuscript illumination combines techniques from Turkish, Persian, and Arabic traditions.
Ottoman miniature and Ottoman illumination cover the figurative and non-figurative elements of the decoration of manuscripts, which tend to be treated as distinct genres, though often united in the same manuscript and page. [11] The reign of the Ottomans in the 16th and early 17th centuries introduced the Turkish form of Islamic calligraphy.
Ottoman miniature (Turkish: Osmanlı minyatürü) is a style of illustration found in Ottoman manuscripts, often depicting portraits or historic events. Its unique style was developed from multiple cultural influences, such as the Persian Miniature art, as well as Byzantine and Mongol art.
Ottoman incense burners, city gas lamps, stoves; chandeliers, oil lamps, spirit lamps, acetylene lamps, Byzantine and Roman oil lamps, lanterns from different eras and places, and; hundreds of amazing items for illumination and heating. All are displayed in historical sequence, starting from the discovery of fire one million years ago.
An important case of Ottoman tile decoration outside the imperial capitals around this time was the refurbishment of the Dome of the Rock in Jerusalem ordered by Sultan Suleiman. During the refurbishment, the exterior of the building was covered in tilework which replaced the older Umayyad mosaic decoration. [ 23 ]
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Miniature of Sinon and the Trojan Horse, from the Vergilius Romanus, a manuscript of Virgil's Aeneid, early 5th century. A miniature (from the Latin verb miniare 'to colour with minium', a red lead [1]) is a small illustration used to decorate an ancient or medieval illuminated manuscript; the simple illustrations of the early codices having been miniated or delineated with that pigment.
Several artforms in different parts of the Islamic world make use of geometric patterns. These include ceramics, [ 27 ] girih strapwork, [ 28 ] jali pierced stone screens, [ 29 ] kilim rugs, [ 30 ] leather, [ 31 ] metalwork, [ 32 ] muqarnas vaulting, [ 33 ] shakaba stained glass, [ 34 ] woodwork, [ 28 ] and zellij tiling.
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