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  2. SPARK (programming language) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SPARK_(programming_language)

    In pure Ada this might increment the variable X by one or one thousand; or it might set some global counter to X and return the original value of the counter in X; or it might do absolutely nothing with X at all. With SPARK 2014, contracts are added to the code to provide additional information regarding what a subprogram actually does.

  3. Apache Spark - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apache_Spark

    Spark Core is the foundation of the overall project. It provides distributed task dispatching, scheduling, and basic I/O functionalities, exposed through an application programming interface (for Java, Python, Scala, .NET [16] and R) centered on the RDD abstraction (the Java API is available for other JVM languages, but is also usable for some other non-JVM languages that can connect to the ...

  4. Contingency table - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contingency_table

    In other words, the two variables are not independent. If there is no contingency, it is said that the two variables are independent. The example above is the simplest kind of contingency table, a table in which each variable has only two levels; this is called a 2 × 2 contingency table. In principle, any number of rows and columns may be used ...

  5. Column (database) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Column_(database)

    In a relational database, a column is a set of data values of a particular type, one value for each row of a table. [1] A column may contain text values, numbers, or even pointers to files in the operating system. [ 2 ]

  6. Analysis of variance - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Analysis_of_variance

    Typically, however, the one-way ANOVA is used to test for differences among at least three groups, since the two-group case can be covered by a t-test. [56] When there are only two means to compare, the t-test and the ANOVA F-test are equivalent; the relation between ANOVA and t is given by F = t 2.

  7. Truth table - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Truth_table

    A truth table has one column for each input variable (for example, A and B), and one final column showing all of the possible results of the logical operation that the table represents (for example, A XOR B). Each row of the truth table contains one possible configuration of the input variables (for instance, A=true, B=false), and the result of ...

  8. Categorical variable - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Categorical_variable

    A categorical variable that can take on exactly two values is termed a binary variable or a dichotomous variable; an important special case is the Bernoulli variable. Categorical variables with more than two possible values are called polytomous variables ; categorical variables are often assumed to be polytomous unless otherwise specified.

  9. Dummy variable (statistics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dummy_variable_(statistics)

    The variable could take on a value of 1 for males and 0 for females (or vice versa). In machine learning this is known as one-hot encoding. Dummy variables are commonly used in regression analysis to represent categorical variables that have more than two levels, such as education level or occupation.