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The crusading movement found that creating a single accepted ideology and an understanding of that ideology was a practical challenge. This was because the church did not have the necessary bureaucratic systems to consolidate thinking across the papacy, the monastic orders, mendicant friars, and the developing universities. [ 84 ]
The Fourteenth and Fifteen Centuries (1975), [112] and Norman Housley's The Later Crusades, 1274-1580: From Lyons to Alcazar (1992) [113] and The Crusading Movement, 1274–1700 (1995). [114] Barbara Tuchman's A Distant Mirror: The Calamitous 14th Century (1978) provides an interesting perspective on both the crusades and the general history of ...
The Crusades were a series of religious wars initiated, supported, and sometimes directed by the Christian Latin Church in the medieval period.The best known of these military expeditions are those to the Holy Land between 1095 and 1291 that had the objective of reconquering Jerusalem and its surrounding area from Muslim rule after the region had been conquered by the Rashidun Caliphate ...
Northern Crusades: 1226 1525 Hospitaller Rhodes [12] Hospitaller conquest of Rhodes: 1310 1522 Notes ... This page was last edited on 1 June 2024, at 18:17 (UTC).
The first of these is Crusades, [191] [137] by French historian Louis R. Bréhier, appearing in the Catholic Encyclopedia, based on his L'Église et l'Orient au Moyen Âge: Les Croisades. [192] The second is The Crusades, [193] by English historian Ernest Barker, in the Encyclopædia Britannica (11th edition). Collectively, Bréhier and Barker ...
The Crusades: A History of Armed Pilgrimage and Holy War. New York: Carroll and Graf Publishers, 2003. New ed.: The Crusades: Islam and Christianity in the Struggle for World Supremacy. New York: Carroll and Graf Publishers, 2004. Lilie, Ralph-Johannes. Byzantium and the Crusader States, 1096–1204. Translated by J. C. Morris and Jean E. Ridings.
The Crusading Movement and Historians, by Jonathan Riley-Smith. Origins [of the Crusades], by British historian Marcus G. Bull. The Crusading Movement, 1096–1274, by British historian Simon Lloyd. The State of Mind of Crusaders to the East, 1095–1300, by Jonathan Riley-Smith. Songs [of the Crusades], by Michael J. Routledge. [164] [165]
The Western sources for the history of the Crusades begin with the original Latin chronicles. Later works on the First Crusade were mostly derived from these and are exemplified by William of Tyre's Historia and its continuations. The later Crusades produced a vast library of first-hand accounts, biographies and chronicles. [10]