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Before US President James K. Polk took office in 1845, the US Congress approved the annexation of Texas.After the annexation, Polk wished to affirm control of the region of Texas between the Nueces River, where Mexico claimed Texas's southern border to be, and the Rio Grande, where Texas declared the border to be when they declared independence from Mexico in 1836.
Mexican–American War; Clockwise from top: Winfield Scott entering Plaza de la Constitución after the Fall of Mexico City, U.S. soldiers engaging the retreating Mexican force during the Battle of Resaca de la Palma, U.S. victory at Churubusco outside of Mexico City, Marines storming Chapultepec castle under a large U.S. flag, Battle of Cerro Gordo
A dominant principle that guided combatants through much of history was to the victory belong the spoils. [8] Emer de Vattel, in The Law of Nations (1758), presented an early codification of the distinction between annexation of territory and military occupation, the latter being regarded as temporary, due to the natural right of states to their continued existence. [8]
The Roman Catholic Church and the military weathered independence better. Military men dominated Mexico's nineteenth-century history, most particularly General Antonio López de Santa Anna, under whom the Mexican military were defeated by Texas insurgents for independence in 1836 and then the U.S. invasion of Mexico (1846–48). With the ...
The period was marked by multiple secession attempts across Mexico, including the loss of Texas and Yucatan, and two international conflicts: the Pastry War, caused by French citizens' economic claims against the Mexican government, and the Mexican–American War, as a consequence of the annexation of Texas by the United States.
There had been much talk early in the war about annexing all of Mexico, primarily to enlarge the areas open to slavery. However, many Southern political leaders were in the invasion armies and they recommended against total annexation because of the differences in political culture between the United States and Mexico. [21]
For Mexico, the annexation of Central America was seen as a way to help stabilize the country's struggling economy, especially the mining and agricultural industries, after a decade of fighting against Spanish rule. Central America's annexation offered the Mexican government a larger tax base, which would help the country rebuild its ...
New Mexican insurgents and the United States soldiers fight at Las Vegas, New Mexico. (A) Battle of Cienega Creek: July 9 New Mexicans and United States forces clash near Taos, New Mexico. (A) Battle of Contreras (also known as Battle of Padierna) August 19 Santa Anna fails to support the Mexican line at a critical moment; turns victory into a ...