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The IOD also affects the strength of monsoons over the Indian subcontinent. A significant positive IOD occurred in 1997–98, with another in 2006. The IOD is one aspect of the general cycle of global climate, interacting with similar phenomena like the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) in the Pacific Ocean. The IOD phenomenon was first ...
Positive phase of Subtropical Indian Ocean Dipole is characterized by warmer-than-normal sea surface temperature in the southwestern part, south of Madagascar, and colder-than-normal sea surface temperature off Australia, causing above-normal precipitation in many regions over south and central Africa.
The precise definition of an "Indian subcontinent" in a geopolitical context is somewhat contested as there is no globally accepted definition on which countries are a part of South Asia or the Indian subcontinent. [61] [62] [63] [6] Whether called the Indian subcontinent or South Asia, the definition of the geographical extent of this region ...
Annual average monsoon precipitation in India over 110 years. The long-term average has been 899 millimeters of precipitation. [1] However, the monsoon varies over the Indian subcontinent within a ±20% range. Rains that exceed 10% typically lead to major floods, while a 10% shortfall is a significant drought. [2]
India's territorial waters extend into the sea to a distance of 12 nautical miles (13.8 mi; 22.2 km) from the coast baseline. [7] India has the 18th largest Exclusive Economic Zone of 2,305,143 km 2 (890,021 sq mi). The northern frontiers of India are defined largely by the Himalayan mountain range, where the country borders China, Bhutan, and ...
Insular India was an isolated landmass which became the Indian subcontinent. Across the latter stages of the Cretaceous and most of the Paleocene , following the breakup of Gondwana , the Indian subcontinent remained an isolated landmass as the Indian Plate drifted across the Tethys Ocean , forming the Indian Ocean .
It was developed in the Indian subcontinent between the 1st and 6th centuries CE. [173] [174] Law of signs in multiplication – The earliest use of notation for negative numbers, as subtrahend, is credited by scholars to the Chinese, dating back to the 2nd century BCE. [175]
By the time when the Indian continent and the Asian continent collided, South Tibet has already reached 3–4 km elevation. [29] [30] [31] [33] The compressional force resulted from the Indian-Asian collision further topped up Lhasa block's elevation and triggered crustal thickening in the North Tibet as the Indian continent proceed northwards.