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The imperial examination was a civil service examination system in Imperial China administered for the purpose of selecting candidates for the state bureaucracy.The concept of choosing bureaucrats by merit rather than by birth started early in Chinese history, but using written examinations as a tool of selection started in earnest during the Sui dynasty [1] (581–618), then into the Tang ...
The jinshi degree was first created after the institutionalization of the civil service exam. Initially it had been "for six categories" but was later consolidated into a single degree. The examination system first appeared during the Han dynasty, but the jinshi degree first appeared under the reign of Emperor Yang of Sui.
However, because the Tang Dynasty was a rapidly changing period for the final formation of the structure and composition of scholar-officials, there is some ambiguity of the usage of the words "scholar-officials": according to the Old Book of Tang, scholars/intellectuals who passed the imperial exam but took no official position could only be ...
The Tang and Song dynasties expanded the civil service exam to replace the nine-rank system which favored hereditary and largely military aristocrats. [1] As a social class they included retired mandarins or their families and descendants. Owning land was often their way of preserving wealth. [2]
Those who were recommended for civil service were required to pass a central government examination before they were awarded an official title. [6] The civil service examination system was first officially established in the Sui dynasty. [3] During the Sui, Tang, and Song dynasties, juren was used to refer to candidates of the state examination ...
The Sui and Tang added posts for compilation of the imperial diary and proof-reading documents. In the Sui dynasty, the Central Secretariat Director was sometimes the same person as the Grand Chancellor (zaixiang 宰相). In the Tang, the Director was also master of court assemblies, and often where Grand Chancellors started their careers.
A Tang dynasty tomb decorated with colorful murals is providing a new glimpse into daily life in China during the 8 th century. Most interestingly, the murals show signs of Western influence ...
[6] [7] The Tang dynasty extended the Imperial examination system as an attempt to eradicate this feudalism. [8] The Tang and the Song dynasty saw a major transition in the composition of China's ruling elites. From the Han through the Tang, official posts filled by an aristocratic network of several hundred intermarried families based in the ...