Search results
Results from the WOW.Com Content Network
Blood-laced mucus from the sinus or nose area can sometimes be misidentified as symptomatic of hemoptysis (such secretions can be a sign of nasal or sinus cancer, but also a sinus infection). Extensive non-respiratory injury can also cause one to cough up blood. Cardiac causes like congestive heart failure and mitral stenosis should be ruled ...
The most common antibody isotype involved in warm antibody AIHA is IgG, though sometimes IgA is found. The IgG antibodies attach to a red blood cell, leaving their F C portion exposed with maximal reactivity at 37 °C (versus cold antibody induced hemolytic anemia whose antibodies only bind red blood cells at low body temperatures, typically 28–31 °C).
Cold agglutinins develop in more than 60% of patients with infectious mononucleosis, but hemolytic anemia is rare. Classic chronic cold agglutinin disease is idiopathic, associated with symptoms and signs in relation to cold exposure. Causes of the monoclonal secondary disease include the following:
Secondary cold agglutinin syndrome occurs when autoantibodies bind to red blood cells, rendering them subject to attack by the complement system. [17] It is a result of an underlying condition potentially associated with either monoclonal cold-reacting autoantibodies or polyclonal cold-reacting autoantibodies [16] predominantly caused by infection or lymphoproliferative disorders. [16]
Cold injury (or cold weather injury) is damage to the body from cold exposure, including hypothermia and several skin injuries. [6] Cold-related skin injuries are categorized into freezing and nonfreezing cold injuries. [5] Freezing cold injuries involve tissue damage when exposed to temperatures below freezing (less than 0 degrees Celsius).
People may develop cold agglutinins from lymphoproliferative disorders, from infection with Mycoplasma pneumoniae or Epstein–Barr virus, or idiopathically (without any apparent cause). Red cell agglutination can also occur in paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria [2]: 13 [3] and warm autoimmune hemolytic anemia.
The narrowing of blood vessels leads to an increase in peripheral resistance, thereby elevating blood pressure. While vasoconstriction is a normal and essential regulatory mechanism for maintaining blood pressure and redistributing blood flow during various physiological processes, its dysregulation can contribute to pathological conditions.
Its color can vary from transparent to pale or dark yellow and green, from light to dark brown, and even to dark grey depending on the contents. [1] The body naturally produces about 1 quart (about 1 litre) of phlegm every day to capture and clear substances in the air and bacteria from the nose and throat .