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A mural instrument is an angle measuring instrument mounted on or built into a wall. For astronomical purposes, these walls were oriented so they lie precisely on the meridian. A mural instrument that measured angles from 0 to 90 degrees was called a mural quadrant. They were utilized as astronomical devices in ancient Egypt and ancient Greece.
A quadrant is an instrument used to measure angles up to 90°. Different versions of this instrument could be used to calculate various readings, such as longitude , latitude , and time of day . Its earliest recorded usage was in ancient India in Rigvedic times by Rishi Atri to observe a solar eclipse.
An Elton's quadrant is a derivative of the Davis quadrant. It adds an index arm and artificial horizon to the instrument, and was invented by English sea captain John Elton , who patented his design in 1728 and published details of the instrument in the Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society in 1732.
The quadrant curve was a feature popularised by Andrea Palladio, who used it often for the wings and colonnades which linked his classical style villas to their service wings and outbuildings. However, curved quadrant buildings should not be confused with the canted facades of Baroque architecture or the slightly curved buildings of the era ...
The most famous example of the Greek scheme is the Parthenon, with two tympanums filled with large groups of sculpted figures. [5] An extreme but very influential example of the Roman style is the Pantheon, Rome, where a portico with pediment fronts a circular temple. [14] 2nd-century Market Gate of Miletus, Pergamon Museum, Berlin
Case 4: two angles and an included side given (ASA). The four-part cotangent formulae for sets (cBaC) and (BaCb) give c and b, then A follows from the sine rule. Case 5: two angles and an opposite side given (AAS). The sine rule gives b and then we have Case 7 (rotated). There are either one or two solutions. Case 6: three angles given (AAA).
Romanesque rib vaulting, Peterborough Cathedral (begun 1118) south aisle Gothic rib vaulting, Reims Cathedral (begun 1221) nave A rib vault or ribbed vault is an architectural feature for covering a wide space, such as a church nave, composed of a framework of crossed or diagonal arched ribs.
3D visualization of a sphere and a rotation about an Euler axis (^) by an angle of In 3-dimensional space, according to Euler's rotation theorem, any rotation or sequence of rotations of a rigid body or coordinate system about a fixed point is equivalent to a single rotation by a given angle about a fixed axis (called the Euler axis) that runs through the fixed point. [6]