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As the society became more complex, houses and shrines were built on hills, with the practice becoming institutionalised. At Mapungubwe, the elite tried to change the place of practice from a group of hills to one; Mapungubwe Hill, with the royal family the ritual specialists, signifying a step away from the role of ancestors. [9]
The Mapungubwe National Park was declared in 1998. [2] The Mapungubwe Cultural Landscape was declared as a National Heritage Site in 2001 and it was inscribed on the World Heritage List in 2003. [3] The Museum and Interpretive Centre houses artefacts from Mapungubwe. In 2009, the building won the World Architecture Festival's World Building of ...
The town flourished between 1055 and 1400. The site was likely chosen for settlement due to the association of hills with rainmaking. [1] The site is strong evidence for the multidirectional evolution of socio-political complexity in the Zambezi culture, contradicting the traditional assumption of linear evolution where Leopard's Kopje led directly and solely to Great Zimbabwe.
The golden rhinoceros of Mapungubwe is a medieval artifact, made from wood which is covered in thin sheets of gold, from the ancient Kingdom of Mapungubwe, which is located in modern-day South Africa. It was found on a royal grave on Mapungubwe Hill in 1932 [1] [2] [3] by archaeologists from the University of Pretoria. The artifact is described ...
It flourished from the 11th to 13th centuries, being a predecessor to the Kingdom of Mapungubwe. The ruins have survived because much of the complex was built in stone. The site contains a large mound, some 180 metres in diameter, and covers an area of about 5 hectares. It is surrounded on three sides by sandstone cliffs (Wood 2005:86).
Local knowledge of Mapungubwe has also been recorded from oral histories, thus supporting ethnographic and historical evidence about the awareness of Mapungubwe as a sacred hill [citation needed]. Evidence suggests that Mapungubwe therefore cannot be regarded as belonging to any single individual, but is rather symbolically associated with ...
The end of Mapungubwe occurred at the same time as the rise of an even greater trading and architectural civilization – that of Great Zimbabwe – which flourished for more than one hundred years. The centre of power then shifted to the south at a site known as Khami near present-day Bulawayo.
Mapungubwe: An Archaeo-geological Interpretation of an Iron Age Community. Pretoria: Transvaal Museum, 1983. To me, the existance of these publications refutes the claim that Mapungubwe (or Mapungubwe's location) was kept secret. Indeed I recall attending talks on Mapungubwe and the civilisations/cultures responsible for its creation in the 1980s.