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For most people, recommendations are to reduce blood pressure to less than or equal to somewhere between 140/90 mmHg and 160/100 mmHg. [2] In general, for people with elevated blood pressure, attempting to achieve lower levels of blood pressure than the recommended 140/90 mmHg will create more harm than benefits, [3] in particular for older people. [4]
Antihypertensive agents comprise multiple classes of compounds that are intended to manage hypertension (high blood pressure). Antihypertensive therapy aims to maintain a blood pressure goal of <140/90 mmHg in all patients, as well as to prevent the progression or recurrence of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) in hypertensive patients with established CVD. [2]
Therefore, the use of hypertensive medications may be started in individuals with apparent normal blood pressures but who show evidence of hypertension-related nephropathy, proteinuria, atherosclerotic vascular disease, as well as other evidence of hypertension-related organ damage.
The high blood pressure is gradual at early stages and may take at least 10–15 years to fully develop. Besides diabetes, other factors that may also increase high blood pressure include obesity, insulin resistance and high cholesterol levels. In general, fewer than 25 percent of diabetics have good control of their blood pressure.
[18] [19] [20] High blood pressure affects 33% of the population globally. [9] About half of all people with high blood pressure do not know that they have it. [9] In 2019, high blood pressure was believed to have been a factor in 19% of all deaths (10.4 million globally). [9] Video summary
Chronic care management encompasses the oversight and education activities conducted by health care provider to help patients with long term illness and health conditions such as diabetes, hypertension, lupus, multiple sclerosis, and stopping of breathing during asleep learn to understand their condition and live successfully with it.
Hydralazine is not used as a primary drug for treating hypertension because it elicits a reflex sympathetic stimulation of the heart (the baroreceptor reflex). [9] The sympathetic stimulation may increase heart rate and cardiac output , and in people with coronary artery disease may cause angina pectoris or myocardial infarction . [ 10 ]
There are no set criteria to treat labile hypertension as there are many underlying mechanisms and symptoms. Because stressors are the main cause of labile hypertension, common treatment may involve prescription medications such as anti-anxiety tablets to reduce emotional stressors, and otherwise, as well as decrease the risk of labile ...