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The portal vein is not a true vein, because it conducts blood to capillary beds in the liver and not directly to the heart. It is a major component of the hepatic portal system , one of three portal venous systems in the human body; the others being the hypophyseal and renal portal systems.
The human hepatic portal system delivers about three-fourths of the blood going to the liver.The final common pathway for transport of venous blood from spleen, pancreas, gallbladder and the abdominal portion of the gastrointestinal tract [2] (with the exception of the inferior part of the anal canal and sigmoid colon) is through the hepatic portal vein.
Portal hypertension is a condition in which the blood pressure of the portal venous system is too high. It is often the result of cirrhosis of the liver. Liver cirrhosis can lead to increased intrahepatic vascular resistance and vasodilation of portal system arteries, both of which increase pressure in the portal vein. [ 4 ]
Portal hypertension is mainly caused by cirrhosis of the liver. Other causes can include an obstructing clot in a hepatic vein (Budd Chiari syndrome) or compression from tumors or tuberculosis lesions. When the pressure increases in the portal vein, a collateral circulation develops, causing visible veins such as esophageal varices. [citation ...
A portacaval anastomosis or portocaval anastomosis is a specific type of circulatory anastomosis that occurs between the veins of the portal circulation and the vena cava, thus forming one of the principal types of portasystemic anastomosis or portosystemic anastomosis, as it connects the portal circulation to the systemic circulation, providing an alternative pathway for the blood.
A dilated portal vein (diameter of greater than 13 or 15 mm) is a sign of portal hypertension, with a sensitivity estimated at 12.5% or 40%. [18] On Doppler ultrasonography, a slow velocity of <16 cm/s in addition to dilatation in the main portal vein are diagnostic of portal hypertension. [19]
A list of veins in the human body: Veins of the heart. Coronary sinus. Great cardiac vein; Oblique vein of left atrium; Middle cardiac vein; Small cardiac vein; Pulmonary veins; Superior vena cava. Brachiocephalic vein. Inferior thyroid vein; Inferior laryngeal vein; Pericardial veins; Pericardiophrenic veins; Bronchial veins; Vertebral vein ...
In the cases of veins or arteries, traumatic fistulas usually occur between artery and vein. Portacaval anastomosis , by contrast, is a veno-venous anastomosis between a vein of the portal circulation and a vein of the systemic circulation , which allows blood to bypass the liver in patients with portal hypertension , often resulting in ...
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