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Dáil Éireann (/ d ɑː l ˈ ɛər ən / ⓘ dahl AIR-ən, [4] Irish: [ˌd̪ˠaːlʲ ˈeːɾʲən̪ˠ]; lit. ' Assembly of Ireland ') is the lower house and principal chamber of the Oireachtas (Irish legislature), which also includes the president of Ireland and a senate called Seanad Éireann. [5]
The Oireachtas (/ ˈ ɛr ə k t ə s / EH-rək-təs, [1] Irish: [ˈɛɾʲaxt̪ˠəsˠ]), sometimes referred to as Oireachtas Éireann, is the bicameral parliament of Ireland. [2] The Oireachtas consists of the president of Ireland and the two houses of the Oireachtas (Irish: Tithe an Oireachtais): [3] a house of representatives called Dáil Éireann and a senate called Seanad Éireann.
Dáil Éireann (English: Assembly of Ireland), also called the Revolutionary Dáil, was the revolutionary, unicameral parliament of the Irish Republic from 1919 to 1922. [1] [2] [3] The Dáil was first formed on 21 January 1919 in Dublin by 69 Sinn Féin MPs elected in the 1918 United Kingdom general election, who had won 73 seats of the 105 seats in Ireland, with four party candidates (Arthur ...
The position of Ceann Comhairle was created on the first day of the Dáil on 21 January 1919, when it was first established as a breakaway revolutionary parliament. [6] The first Ceann Comhairle was Cathal Brugha, who served for only one day, presiding over the Dáil's first meeting, before leaving the post to become President of Dáil Éireann.
The name Sinn Féin, meaning "ourselves" or "we ourselves", has been used by a number of political organisations in Ireland since 1905, when first used by Arthur Griffith. Sinn Féin was the party of separatism before Irish independence, and broke through in the Westminster election of 1918 , where it won 73 of the 105 Irish seats.
The First Dáil (Irish: An Chéad Dáil) was Dáil Éireann as it convened from 1919 to 1921. It was the first meeting of the unicameral parliament of the revolutionary Irish Republic . In the December 1918 election to the Parliament of the United Kingdom , the Irish republican party Sinn Féin won a landslide victory in Ireland.
The First Dáil and the Second Dáil thus existed outside, or in parallel to, of British law. The Third Dáil was elected under the terms of the Anglo-Irish Treaty as a constituent assembly to approve the Free State constitution and pave the way for the creation of the new state.
The name Ó Dálaigh means 'descendant of Dálach'. The derivation of the personal name Dálach is not entirely obvious, but the most widely accepted theory is that it derives from the same root as dáil meaning "assembly;" the Irish Parliament is called 'Dáil Éireann.' Dálach therefore probably meant "assemblyman" or "councillor". [1]