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A cultural trait is a single identifiable material or non-material element within a culture, and is conceivable as an object in itself. [1] [2] [3]Similar traits can be grouped together as components, or subsystems of culture; [4] the terms sociofact and mentifact (or psychofact) [5] were coined by biologist Julian Huxley as two of three subsystems of culture—the third being artifacts—to ...
A cultural artifact, or cultural artefact (see American and British English spelling differences), is a term used in the social sciences, particularly anthropology, [1] ethnology [2] and sociology [citation needed] for anything created by humans which gives information about the culture of its creator and users.
Non-material culture refers to the non-physical ideas that individuals have about their culture, including values, belief systems, rules, norms, morals, language, organizations, and institutions, while material culture is the physical evidence of a culture in the objects and architecture they make or have made.
Within his definition, the physical environment retains a central significance, as the medium with and through which human cultures act. [9] His classic definition of a 'cultural landscape' reads as follows: [7] "The cultural landscape is fashioned from a natural landscape by a cultural group. Culture is the agent, the natural area is the ...
The intricate culture associated with civilization has a tendency to spread to and influence other cultures, sometimes assimilating them into the civilization, a classic example being Chinese civilization and its influence on nearby civilizations such as Korea, Japan and Vietnam [47] Many civilizations are actually large cultural spheres ...
Culture theory – seeks to define the heuristic concept of culture in operational and/or scientific terms. Human geography – social science that studies the world, its people, communities, and cultures with an emphasis on relations of and across space and place. Philosophy of culture; Psychology. Evolutionary psychology; Cultural psychology
Florian Znaniecki (1882-1958) was a Polish-American philosopher and sociologist. Znaniecki's culturalism was based on philosophies and theories of Matthew Arnold (Culture and Anarchy), Friedrich Nietzsche (voluntarism), Henri Bergson (creative evolutionism), Wilhelm Dilthey (philosophy of life), William James, John Dewey and Ferdinand C. Schiller (). [5]
Cultural heritage has been described as the 'most distinguishing form of a culture's expression' and includes both tangible and intangible elements such as 'traditional dances, customs and ceremonies'. [10] Cultural property is the essential elements of a culture that allow it to determined and identified. [10]