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Renal biopsy (also kidney biopsy) is a medical procedure in which a small piece of kidney is removed from the body for examination, usually under a microscope. [1] Microscopic examination of the tissue can provide information needed to diagnose, monitor or treat problems of the kidney.
By 2014, more than 460,000 Americans were undergoing treatment, the costs of which amount to six percent of the entire Medicare budget. Kidney disease is the ninth leading cause of death, and the U.S. has one of the highest mortality rates for dialysis care in the industrialized world.
Procedures used in the management of kidney disease include chemical and microscopic examination of the urine , measurement of kidney function by calculating the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) using the serum creatinine; and kidney biopsy and CT scan to evaluate for abnormal anatomy.
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Biopsy specimens are often taken from part of a lesion when the cause of a disease is uncertain or its extent or exact character is in doubt. Vasculitis, for instance, is usually diagnosed on biopsy. Kidney disease: Biopsy and fluorescence microscopy are key in the diagnosis of alterations of renal function.
A partial nephrectomy should be attempted when there is a kidney tumor in a solitary kidney, when there are kidney tumors in both kidneys, or when removing the entire kidney could result in kidney failure and the need for dialysis. Partial nephrectomy is also the standard of care for nearly all patients with small renal masses (<4 cm in size). [22]
Nephropexy · Urethropexy · Lithotripsy · Kidney transplantation · Renal biopsy: Male reproductive: Phalloplasty · Scrotoplasty: Vasectomy · Penectomy · Orchidectomy · Prostatectomy · Posthectomy · Gonadectomy: Vasovasostomy · Vasoepididymostomy: Meatotomy
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is a kidney cancer that originates in the lining of the proximal convoluted tubule, a part of the very small tubes in the kidney that transport primary urine. RCC is the most common type of kidney cancer in adults, responsible for approximately 90–95% of cases. [ 1 ]