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Glipizide, sold under the brand name Glucotrol among others, is an anti-diabetic medication of the sulfonylurea class used to treat type 2 diabetes. [1] [2] It is used together with a diabetic diet and exercise. [1] [2] It is not indicated for use by itself in type 1 diabetes. [1] [2] It is taken by mouth.
Although it must be used with caution in patients with impaired liver or kidney function, Metformin, a biguanide, has become the most commonly used agent for type 2 diabetes in children and teenagers. Among common diabetic drugs, Metformin is the only widely used oral drug that does not cause weight gain. [9]
It now recommends considering the use of weight loss medication in some overweight children aged 12 or older. [47] The European Medicines Agency has approved semaglutide for children aged 12 or older who have a BMI in the 95 percentile for their age and a weight of at least 60 kilograms (130 lb).
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Thiazolidinedione ligand dependent transactivation is responsible for the majority of anti-diabetic effects. The activated PPAR/RXR heterodimer binds to peroxisome proliferator hormone response elements upstream of target genes in complex with a number of coactivators such as nuclear receptor coactivator 1 and CREB binding protein, this causes upregulation of genes (for a full list see PPARγ):
Some GLP-1 agonists, such as semaglutide, are more effective than other weight loss drugs, but are still less effective than bariatric surgery in causing weight loss. [16] GLP-1 agonists' weight reduction effects come from a combination of peripheral effects as well as activity in the brain via the central nervous system . [ 17 ]
A clinical trial showed that people taking 2.4 mg of semaglutide saw an average of nearly 15% of their body weight in 68 weeks (the Wegovy dose). However, doctors stress it's important to follow ...
It is recommended that it be taken together with diet and exercise. [1] It may be used with other antidiabetic medication. [1] It is not recommended for use by itself in type 1 diabetes. [1] It is taken by mouth. [1] Common side effects include nausea and heartburn. [1] Serious side effects may include angioedema and low blood sugar. [1]