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Euro Zone inflation. The euro came into existence on 1 January 1999, although it had been a goal of the European Union (EU) and its predecessors since the 1960s. After tough negotiations, the Maastricht Treaty entered into force in 1993 with the goal of creating an economic and monetary union (EMU) by 1999 for all EU states except the UK and Denmark (even though Denmark has a fixed exchange ...
Dortmund becomes part of Prussia per Congress of Vienna. [1] Oberbergamt Dortmund (regional mining office) headquartered in city. 1816 – Population: 4,465. [7] 1841 – Sparkasse Dortmund (bank) founded. [8] 1847 – Duisburg–Dortmund railway and Dortmund–Hamm railway begin operating. 1849 – Elberfeld–Dortmund railway begins operating.
Using a mechanism known as the "snake in the tunnel", the European Exchange Rate Mechanism was an attempt to minimize fluctuations between member state currencies—initially by managing the variance of each against its respective ECU reference rate—with the aim to achieve fixed ratios over time, and so enable the European Single Currency (which became known as the euro) to replace national ...
Ballspielverein Borussia 09 e. V. Dortmund, often known simply as Borussia Dortmund (German pronunciation: [boˈʁʊsi̯a ˈdɔɐ̯tmʊnt] ⓘ) [5] or by its initialism BVB (pronounced [beːfaʊ̯ˈbeː] ⓘ), or just Dortmund by International fans, is a German professional sports club based in Dortmund, North Rhine-Westphalia.
The European Exchange Rate Mechanism (ERM II) is a system introduced by the European Economic Community on 1 January 1999 alongside the introduction of a single currency, the euro (replacing ERM 1 and the euro's predecessor, the ECU) as part of the European Monetary System (EMS), to reduce exchange rate variability and achieve monetary stability in Europe.
The rates were determined by the Council of the European Union, [f] based on a recommendation from the European Commission based on the market rates on 31 December 1998. They were set so that one European Currency Unit (ECU) would equal one euro. The European Currency Unit was an accounting unit used by the EU, based on the currencies of the ...
The transition to the euro in Germany involved a three-year period, starting from 1 January 1999, during which the euro existed as "book money". Euro banknotes and coins were introduced on 1 January 2002. [11] This was the earliest date for any member state when the national currency ceased to be legal tender.
Dortmund is the second-largest city in the Low German dialect area, after Hamburg. Founded around 882, [4] Dortmund became an Imperial Free City. Throughout the 13th to 14th centuries, it was the "chief city" of the Rhine, Westphalia, and the Netherlands Circle of the Hanseatic League.